40 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
a3282b794f 0.5.0 release commit 2025-01-06 09:14:04 -06:00
7b9a62462c Level Order Traversal demo 2025-01-03 12:00:06 -06:00
3eb28a2c62 Drop parseVarWithoutAssignment
Additionally sorts gitignore and adds attempted decoding of lists back
to the REPL
2025-01-03 10:31:35 -06:00
8c33e5ce66 Fix critical list evaluation bug and REPL updates 2025-01-02 19:08:14 -06:00
76487b15f9 Use better default output form in evaluator 2025-01-01 19:40:12 -06:00
18ff2d2e04 Clarify CLI options 2025-01-01 19:32:41 -06:00
fff29199d1 Support evaluation across multiple source files 2025-01-01 19:27:04 -06:00
a2c459b148 Provide "library" via tricu file directly
Allows easier loading of other files and drops the list of Haskell
strings containing the basic tools included
2025-01-01 18:53:56 -06:00
39be66a4d1 Fixes identifier lexing; support REPL file loading 2025-01-01 18:05:21 -06:00
bf58c9afbd Normalize CLI options and help display 2025-01-01 08:34:17 -06:00
7d38d99dcd Rename "compiler" functionality to Evaluator
Allows for stdin input for evaluation when no input file is provided.
2025-01-01 08:23:53 -06:00
458d3c3b10 Latest --help in README 2024-12-31 10:09:36 -06:00
0048fed6b4 Merge pull request 'Add "SimpleT" t output form' (#9) from feat/new-outputs into main
Reviewed-on: #9
2024-12-31 16:05:38 +00:00
476c3912a4 Merge branch 'main' into feat/new-outputs 2024-12-31 16:04:32 +00:00
493ef51a6a Add "SimpleT" t output form
This new output form allows easy piping to the decode function of the
tricu executable. Includes a new test for roundtrip evaluation of map,
compilation to tree calculus terms, and decoding back to a human
readable string.
2024-12-31 10:00:52 -06:00
e22ff06bfe Merge pull request 'Expands CLI support with output forms and decoding' (#7) from feat/ternary-representation into main
Reviewed-on: #7
2024-12-30 20:24:27 +00:00
5e2a4dff50 Expands CLI support with output forms and decoding
Adds CLI options for compiling to a Tree Calculus, AST, Ternary, and
ASCII tree view. Adds CLI command for attempted decoding of a compiled
result to Number/String/List.
2024-12-30 14:22:37 -06:00
8622af9ad2 Initial ternary representation options
Both parsing and conversion from T to ternary representation supported
2024-12-30 08:30:40 -06:00
fe70aa72ac Merge pull request 'Adds "compiler" and CLI argument handling' (#3) from feature/compiler-CLI into main
Reviewed-on: #3
2024-12-30 03:51:59 +00:00
2abeab9c04 Adds "compiler" and CLI argument handling 2024-12-29 21:49:57 -06:00
467e11edb3 Updates to tests
Uncomments a test for comment parsing behavior and removes a test for
incomplete function definitions.
2024-12-29 21:09:02 -06:00
38509724b1 Merge pull request 'Resolves issue with parsing comments' (#2) from fix/comments-0001 into main
Reviewed-on: #2
2024-12-30 03:03:39 +00:00
a8f72290a2 Resolves issue with parsing comments 2024-12-29 21:02:38 -06:00
b86ff6e9b8 Additional tests 2024-12-29 12:22:24 -06:00
a7674d4635 README updates for run/build 2024-12-29 10:41:04 -06:00
14fdb741dc README clarifications 2024-12-29 10:37:37 -06:00
60a9e3c1ee Expansion of testing suite to cover incl. library
Expands the testing suite to verify behavior of provided library
functions. Updates the README further for clarification on important
concepts.
2024-12-29 10:28:32 -06:00
c30f17367f Rename from sapling to tricu 2024-12-29 08:29:25 -06:00
064bed26c5 Further README clarification 2024-12-28 22:20:43 -06:00
ff2952010f README updates 2024-12-28 21:58:52 -06:00
e376d13a93 Stop using to/of conventions backwards 2024-12-28 07:24:19 -06:00
2e539eb545 Support for single line comment syntax using -- 2024-12-28 07:15:34 -06:00
14b95f90b5 Update README and REPL formatting for list outputs 2024-12-27 20:54:30 -06:00
d804a114bb Update lambda handling; better default decode out 2024-12-27 20:46:30 -06:00
44e2169cdb Further library additions and REPL updates 2024-12-27 19:27:04 -06:00
c820eda816 Include equality testing in basic library 2024-12-27 16:30:32 -06:00
e835caabbc Minor fix to REPL output for numbers
Uses # instead of text output. Adds several basic library functions.
2024-12-27 16:09:54 -06:00
0dd14a3aea Automatic decoding of supported literals in REPL
Automatic decoding & display of string, number, and list types in REPL.
General updates to README, style, and comments.
2024-12-27 15:40:50 -06:00
4495f8eba0 Tests and better default REPL behavior 2024-12-27 14:10:13 -06:00
dbb5227fbc Somewhat working lambdas
Architectural changes to lambda evaluation and parsing to allow
for correct expression evaluation. Contains several failing AI-generated
tests and we're still failing tests for erroring incomplete definitions
2024-12-27 13:21:30 -06:00
21 changed files with 1118 additions and 586 deletions

17
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
bin/
data/Purr.sqlite
data/encryptionKey
/result
/config.dhall
/Dockerfile
/docker-stack.yml
.stack-work/
*.swp *.swp
dist* *.txt
*~ *~
.env .env
.stack-work/
/Dockerfile
/config.dhall
/result
WD WD
*.hs.txt bin/
dist*

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@ -1,18 +1,82 @@
# sapling # tricu
sapling is a "micro-language" that I'm working on to investigate [Tree Calculus](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf) . ## Introduction
It offers a minimal amount of syntax sugar: tricu (pronounced like "tree-shoe" in English) is a purely functional interpreted language implemented in Haskell. [I'm](https://eversole.co) developing tricu to further research the possibilities offered by the various forms of [Tree Calculi](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf).
- `t` operator behaving by the rules of Tree Calculus tricu offers minimal syntax sugar yet manages to provide a complete, intuitive, and familiar programming environment. There is great power in simplicity. tricu offers:
- Variable definitions
- Lambda abstractions
- List, Integer, and String literals
This is an active experimentation project by [someone who has no idea what they're doing](https://eversole.co). 1. `t` operator behaving by the rules of Tree Calculus
1. Function definitions/assignments
1. Lambda abstractions eliminated to Tree Calculus forms
1. List, Number, and String literals
1. Parentheses for grouping function application
These features move us cleanly out of the [turing tarpit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_tarpit) territory that you may find yourself in if you try working only with the `t` operator.
tricu is the word for "tree" in Lojban: `(x1) is a tree of species/cultivar (x2)`. This project was named "sapling" until I discovered the name is already being used for other (completely unrelated) programming language development projects.
## What does it look like?
```
tricu < -- Anything after `--` on a single line is a comment
tricu < id = (\a : a) -- Lambda abstraction is eliminated to tree calculus terms
tricu < head (map (\i : lconcat i " world!") [("Hello, ")])
tricu > "Hello, world!"
tricu < id (head (map (\i : lconcat i " world!") [("Hello, ")]))
tricu > "Hello, world!"
tricu < -- Intensionality! We can inspect the structure of a function.
tricu < triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
tricu < test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
tricu < test t t
tricu > "Stem"
tricu < -- We can even write a function to convert a function to source code
tricu < toTString id
tricu > "t (t (t t)) t"
```
## Installation and Use
You can easily build and/or run this project using [Nix](https://nixos.org/download/).
- Quick Start (REPL):
- `nix run git+https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu`
- Build executable in `./result/bin`:
- `nix build git+https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu`
`./result/bin/tricu --help`
```
tricu Evaluator and REPL
tricu [COMMAND] ... [OPTIONS]
tricu: Exploring Tree Calculus
Common flags:
-? --help Display help message
-V --version Print version information
tricu [repl] [OPTIONS]
Start interactive REPL
tricu eval [OPTIONS]
Evaluate tricu and return the result of the final expression.
-f --file=FILE Input file path(s) for evaluation.
Defaults to stdin.
-t --form=FORM Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).
Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form.
tricu decode [OPTIONS]
Decode a Tree Calculus value into a string representation.
-f --file=FILE Optional input file path to attempt decoding.
Defaults to stdin.
```
## Acknowledgements ## Acknowledgements
Tree Calculus was discovered by [Barry Jay](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/blog). Tree Calculus was discovered by [Barry Jay](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/blog).
[treecalcul.us](https://treecalcul.us) is an excellent website with an intuitive playground created by [Johannes Bader](https://johannes-bader.com/) that introduced me to Tree Calculus. If sapling sounds interesting but compiling this repo sounds like a hassle, you should check out his site. [treecalcul.us](https://treecalcul.us) is an excellent website with an intuitive playground created by [Johannes Bader](https://johannes-bader.com/) that introduced me to Tree Calculus. If tricu sounds interesting but compiling this repo sounds like a hassle, you should check out his site.

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@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
-- Level Order Traversal of a labelled binary tree
-- Objective: Print each "level" of the tree on a separate line
--
-- NOTICE: This demo relies on tricu base library functions
--
-- We model labelled binary trees as sublists where values act as labels. We
-- require explicit notation of empty nodes. Empty nodes can be represented
-- with an empty list, `[]`, which is equivalent to a single node `t`.
--
-- Example tree inputs:
-- [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
-- Graph:
-- 1
-- / \
-- 2 3
-- / / \
-- 4 5 6
--
isLeaf = (\node : lOr (emptyList node) (emptyList (tail node)))
getLabel = (\node : head node)
getLeft = (\node : if (emptyList node) [] (if (emptyList (tail node)) [] (head (tail node))))
getRight = (\node : if (emptyList node) [] (if (emptyList (tail node)) [] (if (emptyList (tail (tail node))) [] (head (tail (tail node))))))
processLevel = y (\self queue : if (emptyList queue) [] (pair (map getLabel queue) (self (filter (\node : not (emptyList node)) (lconcat (map getLeft queue) (map getRight queue))))))
levelOrderTraversal = (\a : processLevel (t a t))
toLineString = y (\self levels : if (emptyList levels) "" (lconcat (lconcat (map (\x : lconcat x " ") (head levels)) "") (if (emptyList (tail levels)) "" (lconcat (t (t 10 t) t) (self (tail levels))))))
levelOrderToString = (\s : toLineString (levelOrderTraversal s))
flatten = foldl (\acc x : lconcat acc x) ""
flatLOT = (\s : lconcat (t 10 t) (flatten (levelOrderToString s)))
exampleOne = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
exampleTwo = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") [("8") t t] [("9") t t]] [("6") [("10") t t] [("12") t t]]] [("3") [("5") [("11") t t] t] [("7") t t]]]

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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
{ {
description = "sapling"; description = "tricu";
inputs = { inputs = {
nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs"; nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs";
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system: flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
let let
pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system}; pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages.${system};
packageName = "sapling"; packageName = "tricu";
containerPackageName = "${packageName}-container"; containerPackageName = "${packageName}-container";
customGHC = pkgs.haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (hpkgs: with hpkgs; [ customGHC = pkgs.haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (hpkgs: with hpkgs; [
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
enableSharedExecutables = false; enableSharedExecutables = false;
enableSharedLibraries = false; enableSharedLibraries = false;
sapling = pkgs.haskell.lib.justStaticExecutables self.packages.${system}.default; tricu = pkgs.haskell.lib.justStaticExecutables self.packages.${system}.default;
in { in {
packages.${packageName} = packages.${packageName} =

41
lib/base.tri Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
false = t
_ = t
true = t t
k = t t
i = t (t k) t
s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
iD = b (b iC) iC
iE = b (b iD) iC
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
yC = yi iD
yD = yi iE
id = (\a : a)
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
pair = t
matchBool = (\ot of : triage of (\_ : ot) (\_ _ : ot))
matchList = (\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)
matchPair = (\op : triage _ _ op)
not = matchBool false true
and = matchBool id (\z : false)
if = (\cond then else : t (t else (t t then)) t cond)
test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
emptyList = matchList true (\y z : false)
head = matchList t (\hd tl : hd)
tail = matchList t (\hd tl : tl)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList (\k : k) (\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
lAnd = triage (\x : false) (\_ x : x) (\_ _ x : x)
lOr = triage (\x : x) (\_ _ : true) (\_ _ x : true)
hmap = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
equal = y (\self : triage (triage true (\z : false) (\y z : false)) (\ax : triage false (self ax) (\y z : false)) (\ax ay : triage false (\z : false) (\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
hfilter = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : matchBool (t hd) i (f hd) (self tl f)))
filter = (\f l : hfilter l f)
hfoldl = y (\self f l x : matchList (\acc : acc) (\hd tl acc : self f tl (f acc hd)) l x)
foldl = (\f x l : hfoldl f l x)
hfoldr = y (\self x f l : matchList x (\hd tl : f (self x f tl) hd) l)
foldr = (\f x l : hfoldr x f l)

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@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
let x = pkgs.haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (hpkgs: with hpkgs; [
megaparsec
]);
in
pkgs.mkShell {
buildInputs = [ x ];
}

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@ -2,139 +2,116 @@ module Eval where
import Parser import Parser
import Research import Research
import Data.Set (Set)
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import Data.List (foldl')
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import Data.Map (Map) import Data.Map (Map)
evalSingle :: Map.Map String T -> SaplingAST -> Map.Map String T import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
evalSingle :: Map String T -> TricuAST -> Map String T
evalSingle env term = case term of evalSingle env term = case term of
SFunc name [] body -> SFunc name [] body ->
let lineNoLambda = eliminateLambda body
result = evalAST env lineNoLambda
in Map.insert "__result" result (Map.insert name result env)
SLambda _ body ->
let result = evalAST env body let result = evalAST env body
in Map.insert name result env
SApp func arg ->
let result = apply (evalAST env func) (evalAST env arg)
in Map.insert "__result" result env in Map.insert "__result" result env
SVar name -> case Map.lookup name env of SApp func arg ->
let result = apply (evalAST env $ eliminateLambda func) (evalAST env $ eliminateLambda arg)
in Map.insert "__result" result env
SVar name ->
case Map.lookup name env of
Just value -> Map.insert "__result" value env Just value -> Map.insert "__result" value env
Nothing -> error $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined" Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
_ -> _ ->
let result = evalAST env term let result = evalAST env term
in Map.insert "__result" result env in Map.insert "__result" result env
evalSapling :: Map String T -> [SaplingAST] -> Map String T evalTricu :: Map String T -> [TricuAST] -> Map String T
evalSapling env [] = env evalTricu env list = evalTricu' env (filter (/= SEmpty) list)
evalSapling env [lastLine] = where
let evalTricu' :: Map String T -> [TricuAST] -> Map String T
lastLineNoLambda = eliminateLambda lastLine evalTricu' env [] = env
evalTricu' env [lastLine] =
let lastLineNoLambda = eliminateLambda lastLine
updatedEnv = evalSingle env lastLineNoLambda updatedEnv = evalSingle env lastLineNoLambda
in Map.insert "__result" (result updatedEnv) updatedEnv in Map.insert "__result" (result updatedEnv) updatedEnv
evalSapling env (line:rest) = evalTricu' env (line:rest) =
let let lineNoLambda = eliminateLambda line
lineNoLambda = eliminateLambda line
updatedEnv = evalSingle env lineNoLambda updatedEnv = evalSingle env lineNoLambda
in evalSapling updatedEnv rest in evalTricu updatedEnv rest
evalAST :: Map String T -> SaplingAST -> T evalAST :: Map String T -> TricuAST -> T
evalAST env term = case term of evalAST env term = case term of
SVar name -> SVar name -> case Map.lookup name env of
case Map.lookup name env of
Just value -> value Just value -> value
Nothing -> error $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined" Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
TLeaf -> Leaf TLeaf -> Leaf
TStem t -> TStem t -> Stem (evalAST env t)
Stem (evalAST env t) TFork t1 t2 -> Fork (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
TFork t1 t2 -> SApp t1 t2 -> apply (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
Fork (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2) SStr str -> ofString str
SApp t1 t2 -> SInt num -> ofNumber num
apply (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2) SList elems -> ofList (map (evalAST env) elems)
SStr str -> toString str SEmpty -> Leaf
SInt num -> toNumber num
SList elems -> toList (map (evalAST Map.empty) elems)
SFunc name args body -> SFunc name args body ->
error $ "Unexpected function definition " ++ name errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Unexpected function definition " ++ name
++ " in evalAST; define via evalSingle." SLambda {} -> errorWithoutStackTrace "Internal error: SLambda found in evalAST after elimination."
SLambda {} ->
error "Internal error: SLambda found in evalAST after elimination."
result :: Map String T -> T eliminateLambda :: TricuAST -> TricuAST
result r = case Map.lookup "__result" r of
Just a -> a
Nothing -> error "No __result field found in provided environment"
eliminateLambda :: SaplingAST -> SaplingAST
eliminateLambda (SLambda (v:vs) body) eliminateLambda (SLambda (v:vs) body)
| null vs = lambdaToT v (eliminateLambda body) | null vs = lambdaToT v (eliminateLambda body)
| otherwise = | otherwise = eliminateLambda (SLambda [v] (SLambda vs body))
eliminateLambda (SLambda [v] (SLambda vs body)) eliminateLambda (SApp f arg) = SApp (eliminateLambda f) (eliminateLambda arg)
eliminateLambda (SApp f arg) = eliminateLambda (TStem t) = TStem (eliminateLambda t)
SApp (eliminateLambda f) (eliminateLambda arg) eliminateLambda (TFork l r) = TFork (eliminateLambda l) (eliminateLambda r)
eliminateLambda (TStem t) = eliminateLambda (SList xs) = SList (map eliminateLambda xs)
TStem (eliminateLambda t)
eliminateLambda (TFork l r) =
TFork (eliminateLambda l) (eliminateLambda r)
eliminateLambda (SList xs) =
SList (map eliminateLambda xs)
eliminateLambda (SFunc n vs b) =
SFunc n vs (eliminateLambda b)
eliminateLambda other = other eliminateLambda other = other
lambdaToT :: String -> SaplingAST -> SaplingAST -- https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf
-- Chapter 4: Lambda-Abstraction
lambdaToT :: String -> TricuAST -> TricuAST
lambdaToT x (SVar y) lambdaToT x (SVar y)
| x == y = tI | x == y = tI
lambdaToT x (SVar y) lambdaToT x (SVar y)
| x /= y = | x /= y = SApp tK (SVar y)
SApp tK (SVar y)
lambdaToT x t lambdaToT x t
| not (isFree x t) = | not (isFree x t) = SApp tK t
SApp tK t
lambdaToT x (SApp n u) lambdaToT x (SApp n u)
| not (isFree x (SApp n u)) = | not (isFree x (SApp n u)) = SApp tK (SApp (eliminateLambda n) (eliminateLambda u))
SApp tK (SApp (eliminateLambda n) (eliminateLambda u)) lambdaToT x (SApp n u) = SApp (SApp tS (lambdaToT x (eliminateLambda n))) (lambdaToT x (eliminateLambda u))
lambdaToT x (SApp n u) =
SApp
(SApp tS (lambdaToT x (eliminateLambda n)))
(lambdaToT x (eliminateLambda u))
lambdaToT x (SApp f args) = lambdaToT x f
lambdaToT x body lambdaToT x body
| not (isFree x body) = | not (isFree x body) = SApp tK body
SApp tK body | otherwise = SApp (SApp tS (lambdaToT x body)) TLeaf
| otherwise =
SApp
(SApp tS (lambdaToT x body))
tLeaf
tLeaf :: SaplingAST freeVars :: TricuAST -> Set.Set String
tLeaf = TLeaf
freeVars :: SaplingAST -> Set String
freeVars (SVar v) = Set.singleton v freeVars (SVar v) = Set.singleton v
freeVars (SInt _) = Set.empty freeVars (SInt _) = Set.empty
freeVars (SStr _) = Set.empty freeVars (SStr _) = Set.empty
freeVars (SList xs) = foldMap freeVars xs freeVars (SList xs) = foldMap freeVars xs
freeVars (SFunc _ _ b) = freeVars b
freeVars (SApp f arg) = freeVars f <> freeVars arg freeVars (SApp f arg) = freeVars f <> freeVars arg
freeVars TLeaf = Set.empty freeVars TLeaf = Set.empty
freeVars (SFunc _ _ b) = freeVars b
freeVars (TStem t) = freeVars t freeVars (TStem t) = freeVars t
freeVars (TFork l r) = freeVars l <> freeVars r freeVars (TFork l r) = freeVars l <> freeVars r
freeVars (SLambda vs b) = foldr Set.delete (freeVars b) vs freeVars (SLambda vs b) = foldr Set.delete (freeVars b) vs
isFree :: String -> SaplingAST -> Bool isFree :: String -> TricuAST -> Bool
isFree x = Set.member x . freeVars isFree x = Set.member x . freeVars
toAST :: T -> SaplingAST -- We need the SKI operators in an unevaluated TricuAST tree form so that we
toAST Leaf = TLeaf -- can keep the evaluation functions straightforward
toAST (Stem a) = TStem (toAST a) tI :: TricuAST
toAST (Fork a b) = TFork (toAST a) (toAST b) tI = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))) TLeaf
tI :: SaplingAST tK :: TricuAST
tI = toAST _I tK = SApp TLeaf TLeaf
tK :: SaplingAST tS :: TricuAST
tK = toAST _K tS = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf))) TLeaf
tS :: SaplingAST
tS = toAST _S
result :: Map String T -> T
result r = case Map.lookup "__result" r of
Just a -> a
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No __result field found in provided environment"

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src/FileEval.hs Normal file
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module FileEval where
import Eval
import Parser
import Research
import System.IO
import qualified Data.Map as Map
evaluateFileResult :: FilePath -> IO T
evaluateFileResult filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
let finalEnv = evalTricu Map.empty asts
case Map.lookup "__result" finalEnv of
Just finalResult -> return finalResult
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No expressions to evaluate found"
evaluateFile :: FilePath -> IO Env
evaluateFile filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
pure $ evalTricu Map.empty asts
evaluateFileWithContext :: Env -> FilePath -> IO Env
evaluateFileWithContext env filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
pure $ evalTricu env asts

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@ -1,33 +1,25 @@
module Lexer where module Lexer where
import Research import Research
import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.Char import Control.Monad (void)
import Data.Void import Data.Void
import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.Char hiding (space)
import Text.Megaparsec.Char.Lexer
import qualified Data.Set as Set import qualified Data.Set as Set
type Lexer = Parsec Void String type Lexer = Parsec Void String
data LToken
= LKeywordT
| LIdentifier String
| LIntegerLiteral Int
| LStringLiteral String
| LAssign
| LColon
| LBackslash
| LOpenParen
| LCloseParen
| LOpenBracket
| LCloseBracket
| LNewline
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
keywordT :: Lexer LToken keywordT :: Lexer LToken
keywordT = string "t" *> notFollowedBy alphaNumChar *> pure LKeywordT keywordT = string "t" *> notFollowedBy alphaNumChar *> pure LKeywordT
identifier :: Lexer LToken identifier :: Lexer LToken
identifier = do identifier = do
name <- some (letterChar <|> char '_' <|> char '-') first <- letterChar <|> char '_'
rest <- many (letterChar <|> char '_' <|> char '-' <|> digitChar)
let name = first : rest
if (name == "t" || name == "__result") if (name == "t" || name == "__result")
then fail "Keywords (`t`, `__result`) cannot be used as an identifier" then fail "Keywords (`t`, `__result`) cannot be used as an identifier"
else return (LIdentifier name) else return (LIdentifier name)
@ -41,10 +33,7 @@ stringLiteral :: Lexer LToken
stringLiteral = do stringLiteral = do
char '"' char '"'
content <- many (noneOf ['"']) content <- many (noneOf ['"'])
if null content char '"' --"
then fail "Empty string literals are not allowed"
else do
char '"' -- "
return (LStringLiteral content) return (LStringLiteral content)
assign :: Lexer LToken assign :: Lexer LToken
@ -72,10 +61,20 @@ lnewline :: Lexer LToken
lnewline = char '\n' *> pure LNewline lnewline = char '\n' *> pure LNewline
sc :: Lexer () sc :: Lexer ()
sc = skipMany (char ' ' <|> char '\t') sc = space space1 (skipLineComment "--") (skipBlockComment "|-" "-|")
saplingLexer :: Lexer [LToken] tricuLexer :: Lexer [LToken]
saplingLexer = many (sc *> choice tricuLexer = do
sc
tokens <- many $ do
tok <- choice tricuLexer'
sc
pure tok
sc
eof
pure tokens
where
tricuLexer' =
[ try identifier [ try identifier
, try keywordT , try keywordT
, try integerLiteral , try integerLiteral
@ -87,10 +86,9 @@ saplingLexer = many (sc *> choice
, closeParen , closeParen
, openBracket , openBracket
, closeBracket , closeBracket
, lnewline ]
] <* sc) <* eof
lexSapling :: String -> [LToken] lexTricu :: String -> [LToken]
lexSapling input = case runParser saplingLexer "" input of lexTricu input = case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left err -> error $ "Lexical error:\n" ++ errorBundlePretty err Left err -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Lexical error:\n" ++ errorBundlePretty err
Right tokens -> tokens Right tokens -> tokens

View File

@ -1,13 +1,84 @@
module Main where module Main where
import Eval import Eval (evalTricu, result)
import Lexer import FileEval
import Parser import Parser (parseTricu)
import REPL (repl) import REPL
import Research import Research
import qualified Data.Map as Map import Control.Monad (foldM)
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import Text.Megaparsec (runParser) import Text.Megaparsec (runParser)
import System.Console.CmdArgs
import qualified Data.Map as Map
data TricuArgs
= Repl
| Evaluate { file :: [FilePath], form :: EvaluatedForm }
| Decode { file :: [FilePath] }
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
replMode :: TricuArgs
replMode = Repl
&= help "Start interactive REPL"
&= auto
&= name "repl"
evaluateMode :: TricuArgs
evaluateMode = Evaluate
{ file = def &= help "Input file path(s) for evaluation.\n \
\ Defaults to stdin."
&= name "f" &= typ "FILE"
, form = TreeCalculus &= typ "FORM"
&= help "Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).\n \
\ Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form."
&= name "t"
}
&= help "Evaluate tricu and return the result of the final expression."
&= explicit
&= name "eval"
decodeMode :: TricuArgs
decodeMode = Decode
{ file = def
&= help "Optional input file path to attempt decoding.\n \
\ Defaults to stdin."
&= name "f" &= typ "FILE"
}
&= help "Decode a Tree Calculus value into a string representation."
&= explicit
&= name "decode"
main :: IO () main :: IO ()
main = repl Map.empty --(Map.fromList [("__result", Leaf)]) main = do
args <- cmdArgs $ modes [replMode, evaluateMode, decodeMode]
&= help "tricu: Exploring Tree Calculus"
&= program "tricu"
&= summary "tricu Evaluator and REPL"
case args of
Repl -> do
putStrLn "Welcome to the tricu REPL"
putStrLn "You can exit with `CTRL+D` or the `:_exit` command.`"
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
repl $ Map.delete "__result" library
Evaluate { file = filePaths, form = form } -> do
result <- case filePaths of
[] -> do
t <- getContents
pure $ runTricu t
(filePath:restFilePaths) -> do
initialEnv <- evaluateFile filePath
finalEnv <- foldM evaluateFileWithContext initialEnv restFilePaths
pure $ result finalEnv
let fRes = formatResult form result
putStr fRes
Decode { file = filePaths } -> do
value <- case filePaths of
[] -> getContents
(filePath:_) -> readFile filePath
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
putStrLn $ decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library $ parseTricu value
runTricu :: String -> T
runTricu = result . evalTricu Map.empty . parseTricu

View File

@ -1,57 +1,50 @@
module Parser where module Parser where
import Debug.Trace
import Lexer import Lexer
import Research hiding (toList) import Research hiding (toList)
import Control.Exception (throw)
import Data.List.NonEmpty (toList) import Data.List.NonEmpty (toList)
import qualified Data.Set as Set import Data.Void (Void)
import Data.Void
import Text.Megaparsec import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.Char import Text.Megaparsec.Char
import Text.Megaparsec.Error (errorBundlePretty, ParseErrorBundle) import Text.Megaparsec.Error (ParseErrorBundle, errorBundlePretty)
import qualified Data.Set as Set
type Parser = Parsec Void [LToken] type Parser = Parsec Void [LToken]
data SaplingAST type AltParser = Parsec Void String
= SVar String
| SInt Int
| SStr String
| SList [SaplingAST]
| SFunc String [String] SaplingAST
| SApp SaplingAST SaplingAST
| TLeaf
| TStem SaplingAST
| TFork SaplingAST SaplingAST
| SLambda [String] SaplingAST
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
parseSapling :: String -> [SaplingAST] parseTricu :: String -> [TricuAST]
parseSapling input = parseTricu input
let nonEmptyLines = filter (not . null) (lines input) | null tokens = []
in map parseSingle nonEmptyLines | otherwise = map parseSingle tokens
where
tokens = case lexTricu input of
[] -> []
tokens -> lines input
parseSingle :: String -> SaplingAST parseSingle :: String -> TricuAST
parseSingle "" = error "Empty input provided to parseSingle" parseSingle input = case lexTricu input of
parseSingle input = case runParser parseExpression "" (lexSapling input) of [] -> SEmpty
tokens -> case runParser parseExpression "" tokens of
Left err -> error $ handleParseError err Left err -> error $ handleParseError err
Right ast -> ast Right ast -> ast
scnParser :: Parser () parseExpression :: Parser TricuAST
scnParser = skipMany (satisfy isNewline)
parseExpression :: Parser SaplingAST
parseExpression = choice parseExpression = choice
[ try parseFunction [ try parseFunction
, try parseLambda , try parseLambda
, try parseLambdaExpression
, try parseListLiteral , try parseListLiteral
, try parseApplication , try parseApplication
, try parseTreeTerm , try parseTreeTerm
, parseLiteral , parseLiteral
] ]
parseFunction :: Parser SaplingAST scnParser :: Parser ()
scnParser = skipMany (satisfy isNewline)
parseFunction :: Parser TricuAST
parseFunction = do parseFunction = do
LIdentifier name <- satisfy isIdentifier LIdentifier name <- satisfy isIdentifier
args <- many (satisfy isIdentifier) args <- many (satisfy isIdentifier)
@ -59,7 +52,13 @@ parseFunction = do
body <- parseExpression body <- parseExpression
return (SFunc name (map getIdentifier args) body) return (SFunc name (map getIdentifier args) body)
parseLambda :: Parser SaplingAST parseAtomicBase :: Parser TricuAST
parseAtomicBase = choice
[ parseTreeLeaf
, parseGrouped
]
parseLambda :: Parser TricuAST
parseLambda = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) $ do parseLambda = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) $ do
satisfy (== LBackslash) satisfy (== LBackslash)
param <- satisfy isIdentifier param <- satisfy isIdentifier
@ -69,54 +68,48 @@ parseLambda = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) $ do
let nestedLambda = foldr (\v acc -> SLambda [v] acc) body (map getIdentifier rest) let nestedLambda = foldr (\v acc -> SLambda [v] acc) body (map getIdentifier rest)
return (SLambda [getIdentifier param] nestedLambda) return (SLambda [getIdentifier param] nestedLambda)
parseLambdaExpression :: Parser SaplingAST parseLambdaExpression :: Parser TricuAST
parseLambdaExpression = choice parseLambdaExpression = choice
[ try parseLambdaApplication [ try parseLambdaApplication
, parseAtomicLambda , parseAtomicLambda
] ]
parseAtomicLambda :: Parser SaplingAST parseAtomicLambda :: Parser TricuAST
parseAtomicLambda = choice parseAtomicLambda = choice
[ parseVar [ parseVar
, parseTreeLeaf , parseTreeLeaf
, parseLiteral , parseLiteral
, parseListLiteral , parseListLiteral
, try parseLambda
, between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseLambdaExpression , between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseLambdaExpression
] ]
parseApplication :: Parser SaplingAST parseApplication :: Parser TricuAST
parseApplication = do parseApplication = do
func <- parseAtomicBase func <- parseAtomicBase
args <- many parseAtomic args <- many parseAtomic
return $ foldl (\acc arg -> SApp acc arg) func args return $ foldl (\acc arg -> SApp acc arg) func args
parseLambdaApplication :: Parser SaplingAST parseLambdaApplication :: Parser TricuAST
parseLambdaApplication = do parseLambdaApplication = do
func <- parseAtomicLambda func <- parseAtomicLambda
args <- many parseAtomicLambda args <- many parseAtomicLambda
return $ foldl (\acc arg -> SApp acc arg) func args return $ foldl (\acc arg -> SApp acc arg) func args
isTreeTerm :: SaplingAST -> Bool isTreeTerm :: TricuAST -> Bool
isTreeTerm TLeaf = True isTreeTerm TLeaf = True
isTreeTerm (TStem _) = True isTreeTerm (TStem _) = True
isTreeTerm (TFork _ _) = True isTreeTerm (TFork _ _) = True
isTreeTerm _ = False isTreeTerm _ = False
parseAtomicBase :: Parser SaplingAST parseTreeLeaf :: Parser TricuAST
parseAtomicBase = choice
[ parseVar
, parseTreeLeaf
, parseGrouped
]
parseTreeLeaf :: Parser SaplingAST
parseTreeLeaf = satisfy isKeywordT *> notFollowedBy (satisfy (== LAssign)) *> pure TLeaf parseTreeLeaf = satisfy isKeywordT *> notFollowedBy (satisfy (== LAssign)) *> pure TLeaf
getIdentifier :: LToken -> String getIdentifier :: LToken -> String
getIdentifier (LIdentifier name) = name getIdentifier (LIdentifier name) = name
getIdentifier _ = error "Expected identifier" getIdentifier _ = error "Expected identifier"
parseTreeTerm :: Parser SaplingAST parseTreeTerm :: Parser TricuAST
parseTreeTerm = do parseTreeTerm = do
base <- parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized base <- parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized
rest <- many parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized rest <- many parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized
@ -127,18 +120,18 @@ parseTreeTerm = do
TStem t -> TFork t next TStem t -> TFork t next
TFork _ _ -> TFork acc next TFork _ _ -> TFork acc next
parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized :: Parser SaplingAST parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized :: Parser TricuAST
parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized = choice parseTreeLeafOrParenthesized = choice
[ between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseTreeTerm [ between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseTreeTerm
, parseTreeLeaf , parseTreeLeaf
] ]
foldTree :: [SaplingAST] -> SaplingAST foldTree :: [TricuAST] -> TricuAST
foldTree [] = TLeaf foldTree [] = TLeaf
foldTree [x] = x foldTree [x] = x
foldTree (x:y:rest) = TFork x (foldTree (y:rest)) foldTree (x:y:rest) = TFork x (foldTree (y:rest))
parseAtomic :: Parser SaplingAST parseAtomic :: Parser TricuAST
parseAtomic = choice parseAtomic = choice
[ parseVar [ parseVar
, parseTreeLeaf , parseTreeLeaf
@ -147,45 +140,44 @@ parseAtomic = choice
, parseLiteral , parseLiteral
] ]
parseGrouped :: Parser TricuAST
parseGrouped :: Parser SaplingAST
parseGrouped = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseExpression parseGrouped = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) parseExpression
parseLiteral :: Parser SaplingAST parseLiteral :: Parser TricuAST
parseLiteral = choice parseLiteral = choice
[ parseIntLiteral [ parseIntLiteral
, parseStrLiteral , parseStrLiteral
] ]
parens :: Parser SaplingAST -> Parser SaplingAST parens :: Parser TricuAST -> Parser TricuAST
parens p = do parens p = do
satisfy (== LOpenParen) satisfy (== LOpenParen)
result <- p result <- p
satisfy (== LCloseParen) satisfy (== LCloseParen)
return result return result
parseListLiteral :: Parser SaplingAST parseListLiteral :: Parser TricuAST
parseListLiteral = do parseListLiteral = do
satisfy (== LOpenBracket) satisfy (== LOpenBracket)
elements <- many parseListItem elements <- many parseListItem
satisfy (== LCloseBracket) satisfy (== LCloseBracket)
return (SList elements) return (SList elements)
parseListItem :: Parser SaplingAST parseListItem :: Parser TricuAST
parseListItem = choice parseListItem = choice
[ parseGroupedItem [ parseGroupedItem
, parseListLiteral , parseListLiteral
, parseSingleItem , parseSingleItem
] ]
parseGroupedItem :: Parser SaplingAST parseGroupedItem :: Parser TricuAST
parseGroupedItem = do parseGroupedItem = do
satisfy (== LOpenParen) satisfy (== LOpenParen)
inner <- parseExpression inner <- parseExpression
satisfy (== LCloseParen) satisfy (== LCloseParen)
return inner return inner
parseSingleItem :: Parser SaplingAST parseSingleItem :: Parser TricuAST
parseSingleItem = do parseSingleItem = do
token <- satisfy isListItem token <- satisfy isListItem
case token of case token of
@ -198,19 +190,19 @@ isListItem (LIdentifier _) = True
isListItem LKeywordT = True isListItem LKeywordT = True
isListItem _ = False isListItem _ = False
parseVar :: Parser SaplingAST parseVar :: Parser TricuAST
parseVar = do parseVar = do
LIdentifier name <- satisfy isIdentifier LIdentifier name <- satisfy isIdentifier
if (name == "t" || name == "__result") if (name == "t" || name == "__result")
then fail $ "Reserved keyword: " ++ name ++ " cannot be assigned." then fail $ "Reserved keyword: " ++ name ++ " cannot be assigned."
else return (SVar name) else return (SVar name)
parseIntLiteral :: Parser SaplingAST parseIntLiteral :: Parser TricuAST
parseIntLiteral = do parseIntLiteral = do
LIntegerLiteral value <- satisfy isIntegerLiteral LIntegerLiteral value <- satisfy isIntegerLiteral
return (SInt value) return (SInt value)
parseStrLiteral :: Parser SaplingAST parseStrLiteral :: Parser TricuAST
parseStrLiteral = do parseStrLiteral = do
LStringLiteral value <- satisfy isStringLiteral LStringLiteral value <- satisfy isStringLiteral
return (SStr value) return (SStr value)
@ -218,23 +210,54 @@ parseStrLiteral = do
-- Boolean Helpers -- Boolean Helpers
isKeywordT (LKeywordT) = True isKeywordT (LKeywordT) = True
isKeywordT _ = False isKeywordT _ = False
isIdentifier (LIdentifier _) = True isIdentifier (LIdentifier _) = True
isIdentifier _ = False isIdentifier _ = False
isIntegerLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True isIntegerLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True
isIntegerLiteral _ = False isIntegerLiteral _ = False
isStringLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True isStringLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True
isStringLiteral _ = False isStringLiteral _ = False
isLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True isLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True
isLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True isLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True
isLiteral _ = False isLiteral _ = False
isNewline (LNewline) = True
esNewline (LNewline) = True
isNewline _ = False isNewline _ = False
-- Alternative parsers
altSC :: AltParser ()
altSC = skipMany (char ' ' <|> char '\t' <|> char '\n')
parseTernaryTerm :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryTerm = do
altSC
term <- choice parseTernaryTerm'
altSC
pure term
where
parseTernaryTerm' =
[ try (between (char '(') (char ')') parseTernaryTerm)
, try parseTernaryLeaf
, try parseTernaryStem
, try parseTernaryFork
]
parseTernaryLeaf :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryLeaf = char '0' *> pure TLeaf
parseTernaryStem :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryStem = char '1' *> (TStem <$> parseTernaryTerm)
parseTernaryFork :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryFork = do
char '2'
term1 <- parseTernaryTerm
term2 <- parseTernaryTerm
pure $ TFork term1 term2
parseTernary :: String -> Either String TricuAST
parseTernary input = case runParser (parseTernaryTerm <* eof) "" input of
Left err -> Left (errorBundlePretty err)
Right ast -> Right ast
-- Error Handling -- Error Handling
handleParseError :: ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void -> String handleParseError :: ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void -> String
handleParseError bundle = handleParseError bundle =

View File

@ -1,25 +1,71 @@
module REPL where module REPL where
import Eval import Eval
import FileEval
import Lexer import Lexer
import Parser import Parser
import Research import Research
import Control.Monad (void) import Control.Exception (SomeException, catch)
import qualified Data.Map as Map import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import System.IO (hFlush, stdout) import Data.Char (isSpace)
import Data.List (dropWhile, dropWhileEnd, intercalate)
import System.Console.Haskeline
repl :: Map.Map String T -> IO () import qualified Data.Map as Map
repl env = do
putStr "sapling > " repl :: Env -> IO ()
hFlush stdout repl env = runInputT defaultSettings (loop env)
input <- getLine where
if input == "_:exit" loop :: Env -> InputT IO ()
then putStrLn "Goodbye!" loop env = do
else do minput <- getInputLine "tricu < "
let clearEnv = Map.delete "__result" env case minput of
let newEnv = evalSingle clearEnv (parseSingle input) Nothing -> outputStrLn "Exiting tricu"
Just s -> case strip s of
"!exit" -> outputStrLn "Exiting tricu"
"!load" -> do
path <- getInputLine "File path to load < "
case path of
Nothing -> do
outputStrLn "No input received; stopping import."
loop env
Just path -> do
loadedEnv <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext env (strip path)
loop $ Map.delete "__result" (Map.union loadedEnv env)
"" -> do
outputStrLn ""
loop env
input -> do
case (take 2 input) of
"--" -> loop env
_ -> do
newEnv <- liftIO $ (processInput env input `catch` errorHandler env)
loop newEnv
processInput :: Env -> String -> IO Env
processInput env input = do
let asts = parseTricu input
newEnv = evalTricu env asts
case Map.lookup "__result" newEnv of case Map.lookup "__result" newEnv of
Just r -> putStrLn $ "sapling < " ++ show r Just r -> do
Nothing -> pure () putStrLn $ "tricu > " ++ decodeResult r
repl newEnv Nothing -> return ()
return newEnv
errorHandler :: Env -> SomeException -> IO (Env)
errorHandler env e = do
putStrLn $ "Error: " ++ show e
return env
strip :: String -> String
strip = dropWhileEnd isSpace . dropWhile isSpace
decodeResult :: T -> String
decodeResult tc = case toNumber tc of
Right num -> show num
Left _ -> case toString tc of
Right str -> "\"" ++ str ++ "\""
Left _ -> case toList tc of
Right list -> "[" ++ intercalate ", " (map decodeResult list) ++ "]"
Left _ -> formatResult TreeCalculus tc

View File

@ -1,13 +1,57 @@
module Research where module Research where
import Data.List (intercalate)
import Control.Monad.State import Control.Monad.State
import qualified Data.Map as Map import Data.List (intercalate)
import Data.Map (Map) import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.Text (Text, replace)
import System.Console.CmdArgs (Data, Typeable)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Text as T
-- Tree Calculus Types
data T = Leaf | Stem T | Fork T T data T = Leaf | Stem T | Fork T T
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord) deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Abstract Syntax Tree for tricu
data TricuAST
= SVar String
| SInt Int
| SStr String
| SList [TricuAST]
| SFunc String [String] TricuAST
| SApp TricuAST TricuAST
| TLeaf
| TStem TricuAST
| TFork TricuAST TricuAST
| SLambda [String] TricuAST
| SEmpty
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Tokens from Lexer
data LToken
= LKeywordT
| LIdentifier String
| LIntegerLiteral Int
| LStringLiteral String
| LAssign
| LColon
| LBackslash
| LOpenParen
| LCloseParen
| LOpenBracket
| LCloseBracket
| LNewline
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Output formats
data EvaluatedForm = TreeCalculus | FSL | AST | Ternary | Ascii
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
-- Environment containing previously evaluated TC terms
type Env = Map.Map String T
-- Tree Calculus Reduction
apply :: T -> T -> T apply :: T -> T -> T
apply Leaf b = Stem b apply Leaf b = Stem b
apply (Stem a) b = Fork a b apply (Stem a) b = Fork a b
@ -17,16 +61,6 @@ apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) Leaf = a1
apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Stem u) = apply a2 u apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Stem u) = apply a2 u
apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Fork u v) = apply (apply a3 u) v apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Fork u v) = apply (apply a3 u) v
reduce :: T -> T
reduce expr =
let next = step expr
in if next == expr then expr else reduce next
step :: T -> T
step (Fork left right) = reduce (apply (reduce left) (reduce right))
step (Stem inner) = Stem (reduce inner)
step t = t
-- SKI Combinators -- SKI Combinators
_S :: T _S :: T
_S = Fork (Stem (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf _S = Fork (Stem (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
@ -34,8 +68,11 @@ _S = Fork (Stem (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
_K :: T _K :: T
_K = Stem Leaf _K = Stem Leaf
-- Identity
-- We use the "point-free" style which drops a redundant node
-- Full I form (SKK): Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf)
_I :: T _I :: T
_I = apply (apply _S _K) _K -- Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf) _I = Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) Leaf
-- Booleans -- Booleans
_false :: T _false :: T
@ -48,35 +85,67 @@ _not :: T
_not = Fork (Fork _true (Fork Leaf _false)) Leaf _not = Fork (Fork _true (Fork Leaf _false)) Leaf
-- Marshalling -- Marshalling
toString :: String -> T ofString :: String -> T
toString str = toList (map toNumber (map fromEnum str)) ofString str = ofList (map ofNumber (map fromEnum str))
ofString :: T -> String ofNumber :: Int -> T
ofString tc = map (toEnum . ofNumber) (ofList tc) ofNumber 0 = Leaf
ofNumber n =
toNumber :: Int -> T
toNumber 0 = Leaf
toNumber n =
Fork Fork
(if odd n then Stem Leaf else Leaf) (if odd n then Stem Leaf else Leaf)
(toNumber (n `div` 2)) (ofNumber (n `div` 2))
ofNumber :: T -> Int ofList :: [T] -> T
ofNumber Leaf = 0 ofList [] = Leaf
ofNumber (Fork Leaf rest) = 2 * ofNumber rest ofList (x:xs) = Fork x (ofList xs)
ofNumber (Fork (Stem Leaf) rest) = 1 + 2 * ofNumber rest
ofNumber _ = error "Invalid Tree Calculus number"
toList :: [T] -> T toNumber :: T -> Either String Int
toList [] = Leaf toNumber Leaf = Right 0
toList (x:xs) = Fork x (toList xs) toNumber (Fork Leaf rest) = case toNumber rest of
Right n -> Right (2 * n)
Left err -> Left err
toNumber (Fork (Stem Leaf) rest) = case toNumber rest of
Right n -> Right (1 + 2 * n)
Left err -> Left err
toNumber _ = Left "Invalid Tree Calculus number"
ofList :: T -> [T] toString :: T -> Either String String
ofList Leaf = [] toString tc = case toList tc of
ofList (Fork x rest) = x : ofList rest Right list -> traverse (fmap toEnum . toNumber) list
ofList _ = error "Invalid Tree Calculus list" Left err -> Left "Invalid Tree Calculus string"
toList :: T -> Either String [T]
toList Leaf = Right []
toList (Fork x rest) = case toList rest of
Right xs -> Right (x : xs)
Left err -> Left err
toList _ = Left "Invalid Tree Calculus list"
-- Outputs
formatResult :: EvaluatedForm -> T -> String
formatResult TreeCalculus = toSimpleT . show
formatResult FSL = show
formatResult AST = show . toAST
formatResult Ternary = toTernaryString
formatResult Ascii = toAscii
toSimpleT :: String -> String
toSimpleT s = T.unpack
$ replace "Fork" "t"
$ replace "Stem" "t"
$ replace "Leaf" "t"
$ (T.pack s)
toTernaryString :: T -> String
toTernaryString Leaf = "0"
toTernaryString (Stem t) = "1" ++ toTernaryString t
toTernaryString (Fork t1 t2) = "2" ++ toTernaryString t1 ++ toTernaryString t2
toAST :: T -> TricuAST
toAST Leaf = TLeaf
toAST (Stem a) = TStem (toAST a)
toAST (Fork a b) = TFork (toAST a) (toAST b)
-- Utility
toAscii :: T -> String toAscii :: T -> String
toAscii tree = go tree "" True toAscii tree = go tree "" True
where where
@ -91,41 +160,4 @@ toAscii tree = go tree "" True
++ go left (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) False ++ go left (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) False
++ go right (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) True ++ go right (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) True
rules :: IO () -- Utility
rules = putStr $ header
++ (unlines $ tcRules)
++ (unlines $ haskellRules)
++ footer
where
tcRules :: [String]
tcRules =
[ "| |"
, "| ┌--------- | Tree Calculus | ---------┐ |"
, "| | 1. t t a b -> a | |"
, "| | 2. t (t a) b c -> a c (b c)| |"
, "| | 3a. t (t a b) c t -> a | |"
, "| | 3b. t (t a b) c (t u) -> b u | |"
, "| | 3c. t (t a b) c (t u v) -> c u v | |"
, "| └-------------------------------------┘ |"
, "| |"
]
haskellRules :: [String]
haskellRules =
[ "| ┌------------------------------ | Haskell | --------------------------------┐ |"
, "| | | |"
, "| | data T = Leaf | Stem T | Fork TT | |"
, "| | | |"
, "| | apply :: T -> T -> T | |"
, "| | apply Leaf b = Stem b | |"
, "| | apply (Stem a) b = Fork a b | |"
, "| | apply (Fork Leaf a) _ = a | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Stem a1) a2) b = apply (apply a1 b) (apply a2 b) | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) Leaf = a1 | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Stem u) = apply a2 u | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Fork u v) = apply (apply a3 u) v | |"
, "| └---------------------------------------------------------------------------┘ |"
]
header :: String
header = "┌-------------------- | Rules for evaluating Tree Calculus | -------------------┐\n"
footer :: String
footer = "└-------------------- | Rules for evaluating Tree Calculus | -------------------┘\n"

View File

@ -1,25 +1,36 @@
module Main where module Main where
import Eval import Eval
import FileEval
import Lexer import Lexer
import Parser import Parser
import REPL
import Research import Research
import Control.Exception (evaluate, try, SomeException) import Control.Exception (evaluate, try, SomeException)
import qualified Data.Map as Map import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import Test.Tasty import Test.Tasty
import Test.Tasty.HUnit import Test.Tasty.HUnit
import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck
import Text.Megaparsec (runParser) import Text.Megaparsec (runParser)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
main :: IO () main :: IO ()
main = defaultMain tests main = defaultMain tests
runTricu :: String -> String
runTricu s = show $ result (evalTricu Map.empty $ parseTricu s)
tests :: TestTree tests :: TestTree
tests = testGroup "Sapling Tests" tests = testGroup "Tricu Tests"
[ lexerTests [ lexerTests
, parserTests , parserTests
, integrationTests
, evaluationTests , evaluationTests
, lambdaEvalTests
, libraryTests
, fileEvaluationTests
, propertyTests , propertyTests
] ]
@ -28,131 +39,121 @@ lexerTests = testGroup "Lexer Tests"
[ testCase "Lex simple identifiers" $ do [ testCase "Lex simple identifiers" $ do
let input = "x a b = a" let input = "x a b = a"
expect = Right [LIdentifier "x", LIdentifier "a", LIdentifier "b", LAssign, LIdentifier "a"] expect = Right [LIdentifier "x", LIdentifier "a", LIdentifier "b", LAssign, LIdentifier "a"]
runParser saplingLexer "" input @?= expect runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex Tree Calculus terms" $ do , testCase "Lex Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t t t" let input = "t t t"
expect = Right [LKeywordT, LKeywordT, LKeywordT] expect = Right [LKeywordT, LKeywordT, LKeywordT]
runParser saplingLexer "" input @?= expect runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex escaped characters in strings" $ do , testCase "Lex escaped characters in strings" $ do
let input = "\"hello\\nworld\"" let input = "\"hello\\nworld\""
expect = Right [LStringLiteral "hello\\nworld"] expect = Right [LStringLiteral "hello\\nworld"]
runParser saplingLexer "" input @?= expect runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex mixed literals" $ do , testCase "Lex mixed literals" $ do
let input = "t \"string\" 42" let input = "t \"string\" 42"
expect = Right [LKeywordT, LStringLiteral "string", LIntegerLiteral 42] expect = Right [LKeywordT, LStringLiteral "string", LIntegerLiteral 42]
runParser saplingLexer "" input @?= expect runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex invalid token" $ do , testCase "Lex invalid token" $ do
let input = "$invalid" let input = "&invalid"
case runParser saplingLexer "" input of case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left _ -> return () Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected lexer to fail on invalid token" Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected lexer to fail on invalid token"
, testCase "Drop trailing whitespace in definitions" $ do , testCase "Drop trailing whitespace in definitions" $ do
let input = "x = 5 " let input = "x = 5 "
expect = [LIdentifier "x",LAssign,LIntegerLiteral 5] expect = [LIdentifier "x",LAssign,LIntegerLiteral 5]
case (runParser saplingLexer "" input) of case (runParser tricuLexer "" input) of
Left _ -> assertFailure "Failed to lex input" Left _ -> assertFailure "Failed to lex input"
Right i -> i @?= expect Right i -> i @?= expect
, testCase "Error when using invalid characters in identifiers" $ do , testCase "Error when using invalid characters in identifiers" $ do
case (runParser saplingLexer "" "__result = 5") of case (runParser tricuLexer "" "__result = 5") of
Left _ -> return () Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of __result" Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of __result"
] ]
parserTests :: TestTree parserTests :: TestTree
parserTests = testGroup "Parser Tests" parserTests = testGroup "Parser Tests"
[ testCase "Error when parsing incomplete definitions" $ do [ testCase "Error when assigning a value to T" $ do
let input = lexSapling "x = " let input = lexTricu "t = x"
case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure on invalid input"
, testCase "Error when assigning a value to T" $ do
let input = lexSapling "t = x"
case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of
Left _ -> return () Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of T" Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of T"
, testCase "Error when parsing bodyless definitions with arguments" $ do
let input = lexSapling "x a b = "
case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure on invalid input"
, testCase "Parse function definitions" $ do , testCase "Parse function definitions" $ do
let input = "x a b c = a" let input = "x = (\\a b c : a)"
let expect = SFunc "x" ["a","b","c"] (SVar "a") expect = SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SLambda ["c"] (SVar "a"))))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested Tree Calculus terms" $ do , testCase "Parse nested Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t (t t) t" let input = "t (t t) t"
let expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf)) TLeaf expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf)) TLeaf
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse sequential Tree Calculus terms" $ do , testCase "Parse sequential Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t t t" let input = "t t t"
let expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse mixed list literals" $ do , testCase "Parse mixed list literals" $ do
let input = "[t (\"hello\") t]" let input = "[t (\"hello\") t]"
let expect = SList [TLeaf, SStr "hello", TLeaf] expect = SList [TLeaf, SStr "hello", TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse function with applications" $ do , testCase "Parse function with applications" $ do
let input = "f x = t x" let input = "f = (\\x : t x)"
let expect = SFunc "f" ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SVar "x")) expect = SFunc "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SVar "x")))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested lists" $ do , testCase "Parse nested lists" $ do
let input = "[t [(t t)]]" let input = "[t [(t t)]]"
let expect = SList [TLeaf,SList [SApp TLeaf TLeaf]] expect = SList [TLeaf,SList [SApp TLeaf TLeaf]]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse complex parentheses" $ do , testCase "Parse complex parentheses" $ do
let input = "t (t t (t t))" let input = "t (t t (t t))"
let expect = SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) (SApp TLeaf TLeaf)) expect = SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse empty list" $ do , testCase "Parse empty list" $ do
let input = "[]" let input = "[]"
let expect = SList [] expect = SList []
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse multiple nested lists" $ do , testCase "Parse multiple nested lists" $ do
let input = "[[t t] [t (t t)]]" let input = "[[t t] [t (t t)]]"
let expect = SList [SList [TLeaf,TLeaf],SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]] expect = SList [SList [TLeaf,TLeaf],SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse whitespace variance" $ do , testCase "Parse whitespace variance" $ do
let input1 = "[t t]" let input1 = "[t t]"
let input2 = "[ t t ]" let input2 = "[ t t ]"
let expect = SList [TLeaf, TLeaf] expect = SList [TLeaf, TLeaf]
parseSingle input1 @?= expect parseSingle input1 @?= expect
parseSingle input2 @?= expect parseSingle input2 @?= expect
, testCase "Parse string in list" $ do , testCase "Parse string in list" $ do
let input = "[(\"hello\")]" let input = "[(\"hello\")]"
let expect = SList [SStr "hello"] expect = SList [SStr "hello"]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse parentheses inside list" $ do , testCase "Parse parentheses inside list" $ do
let input = "[t (t t)]" let input = "[t (t t)]"
let expect = SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf] expect = SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested parentheses in function body" $ do , testCase "Parse nested parentheses in function body" $ do
let input = "f = t (t (t t))" let input = "f = (\\x : t (t (t t)))"
let expect = SFunc "f" [] (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))) expect = SFunc "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse lambda abstractions" $ do , testCase "Parse lambda abstractions" $ do
let input = "(\\a : a)" let input = "(\\a : a)"
let expect = (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a")) expect = (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a"))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse multiple arguments to lambda abstractions" $ do , testCase "Parse multiple arguments to lambda abstractions" $ do
let input = "x = (\\a b : a)" let input = "x = (\\a b : a)"
let expect = SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SVar "a"))) expect = SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SVar "a")))
parseSingle input @?= expect parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Grouping T terms with parentheses in function application" $ do , testCase "Grouping T terms with parentheses in function application" $ do
let input = "x = (\\a : a)\n" <> "x (t)" let input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx (t)"
expect = [SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a")),SApp (SVar "x") TLeaf] expect = [SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a")),SApp (SVar "x") TLeaf]
parseSapling input @?= expect parseTricu input @?= expect
] , testCase "Comments 1" $ do
let input = "(t) (t) -- (t)"
integrationTests :: TestTree expect = [SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
integrationTests = testGroup "Integration Tests" parseTricu input @?= expect
[ testCase "Combine lexer and parser" $ do , testCase "Comments 2" $ do
let input = "x = t t t" let input = "(t) -- (t) -- (t)"
let expect = SFunc "x" [] (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf) expect = [TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseTricu input @?= expect
, testCase "Complex Tree Calculus expression" $ do , testCase "Comments with no terms" $ do
let input = "t (t t t) t" let input = unlines ["-- (t)", "(t t)"]
let expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf)) TLeaf expect = [SEmpty,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect parseTricu input @?= expect
] ]
evaluationTests :: TestTree evaluationTests :: TestTree
@ -180,60 +181,244 @@ evaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
, testCase "Environment updates with definitions" $ do , testCase "Environment updates with definitions" $ do
let input = "x = t\ny = x" let input = "x = t\ny = x"
let env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
Map.lookup "x" env @?= Just Leaf Map.lookup "x" env @?= Just Leaf
Map.lookup "y" env @?= Just Leaf Map.lookup "y" env @?= Just Leaf
, testCase "Variable substitution" $ do , testCase "Variable substitution" $ do
let input = "x = t t\ny = t x\ny" let input = "x = t t\ny = t x\ny"
let env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Stem (Stem Leaf) (result env) @?= Stem (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "Multiline input evaluation" $ do , testCase "Multiline input evaluation" $ do
let input = "x = t\ny = t t\nx" let input = "x = t\ny = t t\nx"
let env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Leaf (result env) @?= Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate string literal" $ do , testCase "Evaluate string literal" $ do
let input = "\"hello\"" let input = "\"hello\""
let ast = parseSingle input let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= toString "hello" (result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofString "hello"
, testCase "Evaluate list literal" $ do , testCase "Evaluate list literal" $ do
let input = "[t (t t)]" let input = "[t (t t)]"
let ast = parseSingle input let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= toList [Leaf, Stem Leaf] (result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofList [Leaf, Stem Leaf]
, testCase "Evaluate empty list" $ do , testCase "Evaluate empty list" $ do
let input = "[]" let input = "[]"
let ast = parseSingle input let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= toList [] (result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofList []
, testCase "Evaluate variable dependency chain" $ do , testCase "Evaluate variable dependency chain" $ do
let input = "x = t (t t)\n \ let input = "x = t (t t)\n \
\ y = x\n \ \ y = x\n \
\ z = y\n \ \ z = y\n \
\ variablewithamuchlongername = z\n \ \ variablewithamuchlongername = z\n \
\ variablewithamuchlongername" \ variablewithamuchlongername"
let env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (result env) @?= (Stem (Stem Leaf))
, testCase "Evaluate variable shadowing" $ do , testCase "Evaluate variable shadowing" $ do
let input = "x = t t\nx = t\nx" let input = "x = t t\nx = t\nx"
let env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Leaf (result env) @?= Leaf
, testCase "Lambda identity" $ do
let input = "(\\a : a)"
env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input)
result env @?= Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "Apply identity to Boolean Not" $ do , testCase "Apply identity to Boolean Not" $ do
let not = "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) t)" let not = "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) t)"
input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx " ++ not let input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx " ++ not
env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
, testCase "Constant function matches" $ do ]
let input = "k = (\\a b : a)\nk (t t) t"
env = evalSapling Map.empty (parseSapling input) lambdaEvalTests :: TestTree
lambdaEvalTests = testGroup "Lambda Evaluation Tests"
[ testCase "Lambda Identity Function" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\nid t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Constant Function (K combinator)" $ do
let input = "k = (\\x y : x)\nk t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Application with Variable" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\nval = t t\nid val"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Application with Multiple Arguments" $ do
let input = "apply = (\\f x y : f x y)\nk = (\\a b : a)\napply k t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Nested Lambda Application" $ do
let input = "apply = (\\f x y : f x y)\nid = (\\x : x)\napply (\\f x : f x) id t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with a complex body" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t (t x))\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda returning a function" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : x))\ng = f t\ng (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with Shadowing" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\x : x))\nf t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda returning another lambda" $ do
let input = "k = (\\x : (\\y : x))\nk_app = k t\nk_app (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with free variables" $ do
let input = "y = t t\nf = (\\x : y)\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "SKI Composition" $ do
let input = "s = (\\x y z : x z (y z))\nk = (\\x y : x)\ni = (\\x : x)\ncomp = s k i\ncomp t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda with multiple parameters and application" $ do
let input = "f = (\\a b c : t a b c)\nf t (t t) (t t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with nested application in the body" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t (t (t x)))\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem (Stem Leaf))"
, testCase "Lambda returning a function and applying it" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : t x y))\ng = f t\ng (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda applying a variable" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\na = t t\nid a"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Nested lambda abstractions in the same expression" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : x y))\ng = (\\z : z)\nf g t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with a string literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf \"hello\""
runTricu input @?= "Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) Leaf))))"
, testCase "Lambda with an integer literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf 42"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf)))))"
, testCase "Lambda with a list literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf [t (t t)]"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf)"
]
libraryTests :: TestTree
libraryTests = testGroup "Library Tests"
[ testCase "K combinator 1" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 2" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 3" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "S combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s (t) (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "SKK == I (fully expanded)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s k k"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "I combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "i not"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf Leaf))
, testCase "Triage test Leaf" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test t"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Leaf\""
, testCase "Triage test (Stem Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Stem\""
, testCase "Triage test (Fork Leaf Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Fork\""
, testCase "Boolean NOT: true" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not true"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean NOT: false" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not false"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "List head" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head [(t) (t t) (t t t)]"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "List tail" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (tail [(t) (t t) (t t t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "List map" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (map (\\a : (t t t)) [(t) (t) (t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "Empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "emptyList []"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Non-empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not (emptyList [(1) (2) (3)])"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Concatenate strings" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "lconcat \"Hello, \" \"world!\""
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Hello, world!\""
, testCase "Verifying Equality" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "equal (t t t) (t t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
]
fileEvaluationTests :: TestTree
fileEvaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation tests"
[ testCase "Forks" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/fork.tri"
res @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "File ends with comment" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/comments-1.tri"
res @?= Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
, testCase "Mapping and Equality" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/map.tri"
res @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Eval and decoding string" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./test/string.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "\"String test!\""
] ]
propertyTests :: TestTree propertyTests :: TestTree
propertyTests = testGroup "Property Tests" propertyTests = testGroup "Property Tests"
[ testProperty "Lexing and parsing round-trip" $ \input -> [ testProperty "Lexing and parsing round-trip" $ \input ->
case runParser saplingLexer "" input of case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left _ -> property True Left _ -> property True
Right tokens -> case runParser parseExpression "" tokens of Right tokens -> case runParser parseExpression "" tokens of
Left _ -> property True Left _ -> property True

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t (t (t (t (t t) (t t t)) t) t t) t

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@ -0,0 +1 @@
x = t (t t) t

9
test/comments-1.tri Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
-- This is a tricu comment!
-- t (t t) (t (t t t))
-- t (t t t) (t t)
-- x = (\a : a)
t (t t) t -- Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
-- t t
-- x
-- x = (\a : a)
-- t

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t t t

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@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
false = t
true = t t
_ = t
k = t t
i = t (t k) t
s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
pair = t
matchList = (\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList (\k : k) (\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
hmap = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
lAnd = triage (\x : false) (\_ x : x) (\_ _ x : x)
lOr = triage (\x : x) (\_ _ : true) (\_ _ x : true)
equal = y (\self : triage (triage true (\z : false) (\y z : false)) (\ax : triage false (self ax) (\y z : false)) (\ax ay : triage false (\z : false) (\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
x = map (\i : lconcat "Successfully concatenated " i) [("two strings!")]
equal x [("Successfully concatenated two strings!")]

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head (map (\i : lconcat "String " i) [("test!")])

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@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
cabal-version: 1.12 cabal-version: 1.12
name: sapling name: tricu
version: 0.2.0 version: 0.5.0
description: Tree Calculus experiment repository description: A micro-language for exploring Tree Calculus
author: James Eversole author: James Eversole
maintainer: james@eversole.co maintainer: james@eversole.co
copyright: James Eversole copyright: James Eversole
@ -12,48 +12,53 @@ build-type: Simple
extra-source-files: extra-source-files:
README.md README.md
executable sapling executable tricu
main-is: Main.hs main-is: Main.hs
hs-source-dirs: hs-source-dirs:
src src
default-extensions: default-extensions:
ConstraintKinds DeriveDataTypeable
DataKinds
DeriveGeneric
FlexibleContexts
FlexibleInstances
GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving
OverloadedStrings OverloadedStrings
ScopedTypeVariables
ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -optl-pthread -fPIC ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -optl-pthread -fPIC
build-depends: build-depends:
base >=4.7 base >=4.7
, cmdargs
, containers , containers
, haskeline
, megaparsec , megaparsec
, mtl , mtl
, text
other-modules: other-modules:
Eval Eval
FileEval
Lexer Lexer
Parser Parser
REPL REPL
Research Research
default-language: Haskell2010 default-language: Haskell2010
test-suite sapling-tests test-suite tricu-tests
type: exitcode-stdio-1.0 type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
main-is: Spec.hs main-is: Spec.hs
hs-source-dirs: test, src hs-source-dirs: test, src
default-extensions:
DeriveDataTypeable
OverloadedStrings
build-depends: build-depends:
base base
, cmdargs
, containers , containers
, haskeline
, megaparsec , megaparsec
, mtl , mtl
, tasty , tasty
, tasty-hunit , tasty-hunit
, tasty-quickcheck , tasty-quickcheck
, text
default-language: Haskell2010 default-language: Haskell2010
other-modules: other-modules:
Eval Eval
FileEval
Lexer Lexer
Parser Parser
REPL REPL