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21 changed files with 286 additions and 522 deletions

17
.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
bin/
data/Purr.sqlite
data/encryptionKey
/result
/config.dhall
/Dockerfile
/docker-stack.yml
.stack-work/
*.swp
*.txt
dist*
*~
.env
.stack-work/
/Dockerfile
/config.dhall
/result
WD
bin/
dist*
*.hs.txt

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@ -19,62 +19,42 @@ tricu is the word for "tree" in Lojban: `(x1) is a tree of species/cultivar (x2)
## What does it look like?
```
tricu < -- Anything after `--` on a single line is a comment
tricu < id = (\a : a) -- Lambda abstraction is eliminated to tree calculus terms
tricu < head (map (\i : lconcat i " world!") [("Hello, ")])
tricu > "Hello, world!"
tricu < id (head (map (\i : lconcat i " world!") [("Hello, ")]))
tricu > "Hello, world!"
-- Anything after `--` on a single line is a comment
-- We can define functions or "variables" as Tree Calculus values
false = t
_ = t
true = t t
-- We can define functions as lambda expressions that are eliminated to Tree
-- Calculus terms.
id = (\a : a) -- `id` evaluates to the TC form of: t (t (t t)) t
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
-- Intensionality! We can inspect program structure, not just inputs/outputs:
test = triage "Leaf" (\_ : "Stem") (\_ _ : "Fork")
tricu < -- Intensionality! We can inspect the structure of a function.
tricu < triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
tricu < test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
tricu < test t t
tricu > "Stem"
tricu < -- We can even write a function to convert a function to source code
tricu < toTString id
tricu > "t (t (t t)) t"
-- REPL
-- `tricu <` is the input prompt
-- `tricu >` is the Tree Calculus form output. Most are elided below.
-- `READ -:` is an attempt to interpret the TC output as strings/numbers.
tricu < test t
tricu > Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork ...) ... )
READ -: "Leaf"
tricu < test (t t)
READ -: "Stem"
tricu < test (t t t)
READ -: "Fork"
tricu < map (\i : listConcat i " is super cool!") [("Tree Calculus") ("Intensionality") ("tricu")]
READ -: ["Tree Calculus is super cool!", "Intensionality is super cool!", "tricu is super cool!"]
```
## Installation and Use
## Installation
You can easily build and/or run this project using [Nix](https://nixos.org/download/).
- Quick Start (REPL):
- Run REPL immediately:
- `nix run git+https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu`
- Build executable in `./result/bin`:
- Build REPL executable in `./result/bin`:
- `nix build git+https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu`
`./result/bin/tricu --help`
```
tricu Evaluator and REPL
tricu [COMMAND] ... [OPTIONS]
tricu: Exploring Tree Calculus
Common flags:
-? --help Display help message
-V --version Print version information
tricu [repl] [OPTIONS]
Start interactive REPL
tricu eval [OPTIONS]
Evaluate tricu and return the result of the final expression.
-f --file=FILE Input file path(s) for evaluation.
Defaults to stdin.
-t --form=FORM Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).
Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form.
tricu decode [OPTIONS]
Decode a Tree Calculus value into a string representation.
-f --file=FILE Optional input file path to attempt decoding.
Defaults to stdin.
```
## Acknowledgements
Tree Calculus was discovered by [Barry Jay](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/blog).

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@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-- Level Order Traversal of a labelled binary tree
-- Objective: Print each "level" of the tree on a separate line
--
-- NOTICE: This demo relies on tricu base library functions
--
-- We model labelled binary trees as sublists where values act as labels. We
-- require explicit notation of empty nodes. Empty nodes can be represented
-- with an empty list, `[]`, which is equivalent to a single node `t`.
--
-- Example tree inputs:
-- [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
-- Graph:
-- 1
-- / \
-- 2 3
-- / / \
-- 4 5 6
--
isLeaf = (\node : lOr (emptyList node) (emptyList (tail node)))
getLabel = (\node : head node)
getLeft = (\node : if (emptyList node) [] (if (emptyList (tail node)) [] (head (tail node))))
getRight = (\node : if (emptyList node) [] (if (emptyList (tail node)) [] (if (emptyList (tail (tail node))) [] (head (tail (tail node))))))
processLevel = y (\self queue : if (emptyList queue) [] (pair (map getLabel queue) (self (filter (\node : not (emptyList node)) (lconcat (map getLeft queue) (map getRight queue))))))
levelOrderTraversal = (\a : processLevel (t a t))
toLineString = y (\self levels : if (emptyList levels) "" (lconcat (lconcat (map (\x : lconcat x " ") (head levels)) "") (if (emptyList (tail levels)) "" (lconcat (t (t 10 t) t) (self (tail levels))))))
levelOrderToString = (\s : toLineString (levelOrderTraversal s))
flatten = foldl (\acc x : lconcat acc x) ""
flatLOT = (\s : lconcat (t 10 t) (flatten (levelOrderToString s)))
exampleOne = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
exampleTwo = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") [("8") t t] [("9") t t]] [("6") [("10") t t] [("12") t t]]] [("3") [("5") [("11") t t] t] [("7") t t]]]

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@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
false = t
_ = t
true = t t
k = t t
i = t (t k) t
s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
iD = b (b iC) iC
iE = b (b iD) iC
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
yC = yi iD
yD = yi iE
id = (\a : a)
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
pair = t
matchBool = (\ot of : triage of (\_ : ot) (\_ _ : ot))
matchList = (\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)
matchPair = (\op : triage _ _ op)
not = matchBool false true
and = matchBool id (\z : false)
if = (\cond then else : t (t else (t t then)) t cond)
test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
emptyList = matchList true (\y z : false)
head = matchList t (\hd tl : hd)
tail = matchList t (\hd tl : tl)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList (\k : k) (\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
lAnd = triage (\x : false) (\_ x : x) (\_ _ x : x)
lOr = triage (\x : x) (\_ _ : true) (\_ _ x : true)
hmap = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
equal = y (\self : triage (triage true (\z : false) (\y z : false)) (\ax : triage false (self ax) (\y z : false)) (\ax ay : triage false (\z : false) (\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
hfilter = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : matchBool (t hd) i (f hd) (self tl f)))
filter = (\f l : hfilter l f)
hfoldl = y (\self f l x : matchList (\acc : acc) (\hd tl acc : self f tl (f acc hd)) l x)
foldl = (\f x l : hfoldl f l x)
hfoldr = y (\self x f l : matchList x (\hd tl : f (self x f tl) hd) l)
foldr = (\f x l : hfoldr x f l)

8
shell.nix Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
{ pkgs ? import <nixpkgs> {} }:
let x = pkgs.haskellPackages.ghcWithPackages (hpkgs: with hpkgs; [
megaparsec
]);
in
pkgs.mkShell {
buildInputs = [ x ];
}

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@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ module Eval where
import Parser
import Research
import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.List (foldl')
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ evalSingle env term = case term of
SFunc name [] body ->
let lineNoLambda = eliminateLambda body
result = evalAST env lineNoLambda
in Map.insert "__result" result (Map.insert name result env)
in Map.insert name result env
SLambda _ body ->
let result = evalAST env body
in Map.insert "__result" result env
@ -23,41 +24,39 @@ evalSingle env term = case term of
SVar name ->
case Map.lookup name env of
Just value -> Map.insert "__result" value env
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
Nothing -> error $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
_ ->
let result = evalAST env term
in Map.insert "__result" result env
evalTricu :: Map String T -> [TricuAST] -> Map String T
evalTricu env list = evalTricu' env (filter (/= SEmpty) list)
where
evalTricu' :: Map String T -> [TricuAST] -> Map String T
evalTricu' env [] = env
evalTricu' env [lastLine] =
evalTricu env [] = env
evalTricu env [lastLine] =
let lastLineNoLambda = eliminateLambda lastLine
updatedEnv = evalSingle env lastLineNoLambda
in Map.insert "__result" (result updatedEnv) updatedEnv
evalTricu' env (line:rest) =
evalTricu env (line:rest) =
let lineNoLambda = eliminateLambda line
updatedEnv = evalSingle env lineNoLambda
in evalTricu updatedEnv rest
evalAST :: Map String T -> TricuAST -> T
evalAST env term = case term of
SVar name -> case Map.lookup name env of
Just value -> value
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
TLeaf -> Leaf
TStem t -> Stem (evalAST env t)
TFork t1 t2 -> Fork (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
SApp t1 t2 -> apply (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
SStr str -> ofString str
SInt num -> ofNumber num
SList elems -> ofList (map (evalAST env) elems)
SEmpty -> Leaf
SFunc name args body ->
errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Unexpected function definition " ++ name
SLambda {} -> errorWithoutStackTrace "Internal error: SLambda found in evalAST after elimination."
SVar name -> case Map.lookup name env of
Just value -> value
Nothing -> error $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
TLeaf -> Leaf
TStem t -> Stem (evalAST env t)
TFork t1 t2 -> Fork (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
SApp t1 t2 -> apply (evalAST env t1) (evalAST env t2)
SStr str -> ofString str
SInt num -> ofNumber num
SList elems -> ofList (map (evalAST Map.empty) elems)
SEmpty -> Leaf
SFunc name args body ->
error $ "Unexpected function definition " ++ name
++ " in evalAST; define via evalSingle."
SLambda {} -> error "Internal error: SLambda found in evalAST after elimination."
eliminateLambda :: TricuAST -> TricuAST
eliminateLambda (SLambda (v:vs) body)
@ -100,6 +99,11 @@ freeVars (SLambda vs b) = foldr Set.delete (freeVars b) vs
isFree :: String -> TricuAST -> Bool
isFree x = Set.member x . freeVars
toAST :: T -> TricuAST
toAST Leaf = TLeaf
toAST (Stem a) = TStem (toAST a)
toAST (Fork a b) = TFork (toAST a) (toAST b)
-- We need the SKI operators in an unevaluated TricuAST tree form so that we
-- can keep the evaluation functions straightforward
tI :: TricuAST
@ -113,5 +117,5 @@ tS = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf))) TLeaf
result :: Map String T -> T
result r = case Map.lookup "__result" r of
Just a -> a
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No __result field found in provided environment"
Just a -> a
Nothing -> error "No __result field found in provided environment"

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@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
module FileEval where
import Eval
import Parser
import Research
import System.IO
import qualified Data.Map as Map
evaluateFileResult :: FilePath -> IO T
evaluateFileResult filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
let finalEnv = evalTricu Map.empty asts
case Map.lookup "__result" finalEnv of
Just finalResult -> return finalResult
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No expressions to evaluate found"
evaluateFile :: FilePath -> IO Env
evaluateFile filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
pure $ evalTricu Map.empty asts
evaluateFileWithContext :: Env -> FilePath -> IO Env
evaluateFileWithContext env filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
pure $ evalTricu env asts

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@ -1,25 +1,38 @@
module Lexer where
import Research
import Control.Monad (void)
import Data.Void
import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.Char hiding (space)
import Text.Megaparsec.Char.Lexer
import Control.Monad (void)
import Data.Void
import qualified Data.Set as Set
type Lexer = Parsec Void String
data LToken
= LKeywordT
| LIdentifier String
| LIntegerLiteral Int
| LStringLiteral String
| LAssign
| LColon
| LBackslash
| LOpenParen
| LCloseParen
| LOpenBracket
| LCloseBracket
| LNewline
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
keywordT :: Lexer LToken
keywordT = string "t" *> notFollowedBy alphaNumChar *> pure LKeywordT
identifier :: Lexer LToken
identifier = do
first <- letterChar <|> char '_'
rest <- many (letterChar <|> char '_' <|> char '-' <|> digitChar)
let name = first : rest
name <- some (letterChar <|> char '_' <|> char '-')
if (name == "t" || name == "__result")
then fail "Keywords (`t`, `__result`) cannot be used as an identifier"
else return (LIdentifier name)
@ -33,8 +46,11 @@ stringLiteral :: Lexer LToken
stringLiteral = do
char '"'
content <- many (noneOf ['"'])
char '"' --"
return (LStringLiteral content)
if null content
then fail "Empty string literals are not allowed"
else do
char '"' --"
return (LStringLiteral content)
assign :: Lexer LToken
assign = char '=' *> pure LAssign
@ -88,7 +104,8 @@ tricuLexer = do
, closeBracket
]
lexTricu :: String -> [LToken]
lexTricu input = case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left err -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Lexical error:\n" ++ errorBundlePretty err
Left err -> error $ "Lexical error:\n" ++ errorBundlePretty err
Right tokens -> tokens

46
src/Library.hs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
module Library where
import Eval
import Parser
import Research
import qualified Data.Map as Map
library :: Map.Map String T
library = evalTricu Map.empty $ parseTricu $ unlines
[ "false = t"
, "true = t t"
, "_ = t"
, "k = t t"
, "i = t (t k) t"
, "s = t (t (k t)) t"
, "m = s i i"
, "b = s (k s) k"
, "c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)"
, "iC = (\\a b c : s a (k c) b)"
, "iD = b (b iC) iC"
, "iE = b (b iD) iC"
, "yi = (\\i : b m (c b (i m)))"
, "y = yi iC"
, "yC = yi iD"
, "yD = yi iE"
, "id = (\\a : a)"
, "triage = (\\a b c : t (t a b) c)"
, "pair = t"
, "matchBool = (\\ot of : triage of (\\_ : ot) (\\_ _ : ot))"
, "matchList = (\\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)"
, "matchPair = (\\op : triage _ _ op)"
, "not = matchBool false true"
, "and = matchBool id (\\z : false)"
, "if = (\\cond then else : t (t else (t t then)) t cond)"
, "test = triage \"Leaf\" (\\z : \"Stem\") (\\a b : \"Fork\")"
, "emptyList = matchList true (\\y z : false)"
, "head = matchList t (\\hd tl : hd)"
, "tail = matchList t (\\hd tl : tl)"
, "listConcat = y (\\self : matchList (\\k : k) (\\h r k : pair h (self r k)))"
, "lAnd = triage (\\x : false) (\\_ x : x) (\\_ _ x : x)"
, "lOr = triage (\\x : x) (\\_ _ : true) (\\_ _ x : true)"
, "hmap = y (\\self : matchList (\\f : t) (\\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))"
, "map = (\\f l : hmap l f)"
, "equal = y (\\self : triage (triage true (\\z : false) (\\y z : false)) (\\ax : triage false (self ax) (\\y z : false)) (\\ax ay : triage false (\\z : false) (\\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))"
]

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@ -1,84 +1,22 @@
module Main where
import Eval (evalTricu, result)
import FileEval
import Parser (parseTricu)
import REPL
import Research
import Eval (evalTricu, result)
import Library (library)
import Parser (parseTricu)
import REPL (repl)
import Research (T)
import Control.Monad (foldM)
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import Text.Megaparsec (runParser)
import System.Console.CmdArgs
import Text.Megaparsec (runParser)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
data TricuArgs
= Repl
| Evaluate { file :: [FilePath], form :: EvaluatedForm }
| Decode { file :: [FilePath] }
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
replMode :: TricuArgs
replMode = Repl
&= help "Start interactive REPL"
&= auto
&= name "repl"
evaluateMode :: TricuArgs
evaluateMode = Evaluate
{ file = def &= help "Input file path(s) for evaluation.\n \
\ Defaults to stdin."
&= name "f" &= typ "FILE"
, form = TreeCalculus &= typ "FORM"
&= help "Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).\n \
\ Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form."
&= name "t"
}
&= help "Evaluate tricu and return the result of the final expression."
&= explicit
&= name "eval"
decodeMode :: TricuArgs
decodeMode = Decode
{ file = def
&= help "Optional input file path to attempt decoding.\n \
\ Defaults to stdin."
&= name "f" &= typ "FILE"
}
&= help "Decode a Tree Calculus value into a string representation."
&= explicit
&= name "decode"
main :: IO ()
main = do
args <- cmdArgs $ modes [replMode, evaluateMode, decodeMode]
&= help "tricu: Exploring Tree Calculus"
&= program "tricu"
&= summary "tricu Evaluator and REPL"
case args of
Repl -> do
putStrLn "Welcome to the tricu REPL"
putStrLn "You can exit with `CTRL+D` or the `:_exit` command.`"
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
repl $ Map.delete "__result" library
Evaluate { file = filePaths, form = form } -> do
result <- case filePaths of
[] -> do
t <- getContents
pure $ runTricu t
(filePath:restFilePaths) -> do
initialEnv <- evaluateFile filePath
finalEnv <- foldM evaluateFileWithContext initialEnv restFilePaths
pure $ result finalEnv
let fRes = formatResult form result
putStr fRes
Decode { file = filePaths } -> do
value <- case filePaths of
[] -> getContents
(filePath:_) -> readFile filePath
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
putStrLn $ decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library $ parseTricu value
putStrLn "Welcome to the tricu Interpreter"
putStrLn "You can exit at any time by typing and entering: "
putStrLn ":_exit"
repl library
runTricu :: String -> T
runTricu = result . evalTricu Map.empty . parseTricu
runTricu s = result (evalTricu Map.empty $ parseTricu s)
runTricuEnv env s = result (evalTricu env $ parseTricu s)

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@ -1,18 +1,31 @@
module Parser where
import Lexer
import Research hiding (toList)
import Research hiding (toList)
import Data.List.NonEmpty (toList)
import Data.List.NonEmpty (toList)
import Data.Void (Void)
import Text.Megaparsec
import Text.Megaparsec.Char
import Text.Megaparsec.Error (ParseErrorBundle, errorBundlePretty)
import Text.Megaparsec.Error (errorBundlePretty, ParseErrorBundle)
import qualified Data.Set as Set
type Parser = Parsec Void [LToken]
type AltParser = Parsec Void String
type Parser = Parsec Void [LToken]
data TricuAST
= SVar String
| SInt Int
| SStr String
| SList [TricuAST]
| SFunc String [String] TricuAST
| SApp TricuAST TricuAST
| TLeaf
| TStem TricuAST
| TFork TricuAST TricuAST
| SLambda [String] TricuAST
| SEmpty
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
parseTricu :: String -> [TricuAST]
parseTricu input
@ -54,9 +67,16 @@ parseFunction = do
parseAtomicBase :: Parser TricuAST
parseAtomicBase = choice
[ parseTreeLeaf
[ try parseVarWithoutAssignment
, parseTreeLeaf
, parseGrouped
]
parseVarWithoutAssignment :: Parser TricuAST
parseVarWithoutAssignment = do
LIdentifier name <- satisfy isIdentifier
if (name == "t" || name == "__result")
then fail $ "Reserved keyword: " ++ name ++ " cannot be assigned."
else notFollowedBy (satisfy (== LAssign)) *> return (SVar name)
parseLambda :: Parser TricuAST
parseLambda = between (satisfy (== LOpenParen)) (satisfy (== LCloseParen)) $ do
@ -222,42 +242,6 @@ isLiteral _ = False
isNewline (LNewline) = True
isNewline _ = False
-- Alternative parsers
altSC :: AltParser ()
altSC = skipMany (char ' ' <|> char '\t' <|> char '\n')
parseTernaryTerm :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryTerm = do
altSC
term <- choice parseTernaryTerm'
altSC
pure term
where
parseTernaryTerm' =
[ try (between (char '(') (char ')') parseTernaryTerm)
, try parseTernaryLeaf
, try parseTernaryStem
, try parseTernaryFork
]
parseTernaryLeaf :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryLeaf = char '0' *> pure TLeaf
parseTernaryStem :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryStem = char '1' *> (TStem <$> parseTernaryTerm)
parseTernaryFork :: AltParser TricuAST
parseTernaryFork = do
char '2'
term1 <- parseTernaryTerm
term2 <- parseTernaryTerm
pure $ TFork term1 term2
parseTernary :: String -> Either String TricuAST
parseTernary input = case runParser (parseTernaryTerm <* eof) "" input of
Left err -> Left (errorBundlePretty err)
Right ast -> Right ast
-- Error Handling
handleParseError :: ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void -> String
handleParseError bundle =
@ -275,3 +259,4 @@ showError (FancyError offset fancy) =
showError (TrivialError offset Nothing expected) =
"Parse error at offset " ++ show offset ++ ": expected one of "
++ show (Set.toList expected)

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@ -1,71 +1,54 @@
module REPL where
import Eval
import FileEval
import Lexer
import Parser
import Research
import Control.Exception (SomeException, catch)
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import Data.Char (isSpace)
import Data.List (dropWhile, dropWhileEnd, intercalate)
import Data.List (intercalate)
import System.Console.Haskeline
import qualified Data.Map as Map
repl :: Env -> IO ()
repl :: Map.Map String T -> IO ()
repl env = runInputT defaultSettings (loop env)
where
loop :: Env -> InputT IO ()
loop :: Map.Map String T -> InputT IO ()
loop env = do
minput <- getInputLine "tricu < "
case minput of
Nothing -> outputStrLn "Exiting tricu"
Just s -> case strip s of
"!exit" -> outputStrLn "Exiting tricu"
"!load" -> do
path <- getInputLine "File path to load < "
case path of
Nothing -> do
outputStrLn "No input received; stopping import."
loop env
Just path -> do
loadedEnv <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext env (strip path)
loop $ Map.delete "__result" (Map.union loadedEnv env)
"" -> do
outputStrLn ""
loop env
input -> do
case (take 2 input) of
"--" -> loop env
_ -> do
newEnv <- liftIO $ (processInput env input `catch` errorHandler env)
loop newEnv
processInput :: Env -> String -> IO Env
Nothing -> outputStrLn "Goodbye!"
Just ":_exit" -> outputStrLn "Goodbye!"
Just "" -> do
outputStrLn ""
loop env
Just input -> do
newEnv <- liftIO $ (processInput env input `catch` errorHandler env)
loop newEnv
processInput :: Map.Map String T -> String -> IO (Map.Map String T)
processInput env input = do
let asts = parseTricu input
newEnv = evalTricu env asts
let clearEnv = Map.delete "__result" env
newEnv = evalSingle clearEnv (parseSingle input)
case Map.lookup "__result" newEnv of
Just r -> do
putStrLn $ "tricu > " ++ decodeResult r
putStrLn $ "tricu > " ++ show r
putStrLn $ "READ -: \"" ++ decodeResult r ++ "\""
Nothing -> return ()
return newEnv
errorHandler :: Env -> SomeException -> IO (Env)
errorHandler :: Map.Map String T -> SomeException -> IO (Map.Map String T)
errorHandler env e = do
putStrLn $ "Error: " ++ show e
return env
strip :: String -> String
strip = dropWhileEnd isSpace . dropWhile isSpace
decodeResult :: T -> String
decodeResult tc = case toNumber tc of
Right num -> show num
Left _ -> case toString tc of
Right str -> "\"" ++ str ++ "\""
Right str -> str
Left _ -> case toList tc of
Right list -> "[" ++ intercalate ", " (map decodeResult list) ++ "]"
Left _ -> formatResult TreeCalculus tc
Left _ -> ""

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@ -1,57 +1,14 @@
module Research where
import Control.Monad.State
import Data.List (intercalate)
import Data.Map (Map)
import Data.Text (Text, replace)
import System.Console.CmdArgs (Data, Typeable)
import Data.List (intercalate)
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Text as T
import qualified Data.Map as Map
-- Tree Calculus Types
data T = Leaf | Stem T | Fork T T
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Abstract Syntax Tree for tricu
data TricuAST
= SVar String
| SInt Int
| SStr String
| SList [TricuAST]
| SFunc String [String] TricuAST
| SApp TricuAST TricuAST
| TLeaf
| TStem TricuAST
| TFork TricuAST TricuAST
| SLambda [String] TricuAST
| SEmpty
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Tokens from Lexer
data LToken
= LKeywordT
| LIdentifier String
| LIntegerLiteral Int
| LStringLiteral String
| LAssign
| LColon
| LBackslash
| LOpenParen
| LCloseParen
| LOpenBracket
| LCloseBracket
| LNewline
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Output formats
data EvaluatedForm = TreeCalculus | FSL | AST | Ternary | Ascii
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
-- Environment containing previously evaluated TC terms
type Env = Map.Map String T
-- Tree Calculus Reduction
apply :: T -> T -> T
apply Leaf b = Stem b
apply (Stem a) b = Fork a b
@ -61,6 +18,16 @@ apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) Leaf = a1
apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Stem u) = apply a2 u
apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Fork u v) = apply (apply a3 u) v
reduce :: T -> T
reduce expr =
let next = step expr
in if next == expr then expr else reduce next
step :: T -> T
step (Fork left right) = reduce (apply (reduce left) (reduce right))
step (Stem inner) = Stem (reduce inner)
step t = t
-- SKI Combinators
_S :: T
_S = Fork (Stem (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
@ -121,31 +88,7 @@ toList (Fork x rest) = case toList rest of
Left err -> Left err
toList _ = Left "Invalid Tree Calculus list"
-- Outputs
formatResult :: EvaluatedForm -> T -> String
formatResult TreeCalculus = toSimpleT . show
formatResult FSL = show
formatResult AST = show . toAST
formatResult Ternary = toTernaryString
formatResult Ascii = toAscii
toSimpleT :: String -> String
toSimpleT s = T.unpack
$ replace "Fork" "t"
$ replace "Stem" "t"
$ replace "Leaf" "t"
$ (T.pack s)
toTernaryString :: T -> String
toTernaryString Leaf = "0"
toTernaryString (Stem t) = "1" ++ toTernaryString t
toTernaryString (Fork t1 t2) = "2" ++ toTernaryString t1 ++ toTernaryString t2
toAST :: T -> TricuAST
toAST Leaf = TLeaf
toAST (Stem a) = TStem (toAST a)
toAST (Fork a b) = TFork (toAST a) (toAST b)
-- Utility
toAscii :: T -> String
toAscii tree = go tree "" True
where
@ -160,4 +103,41 @@ toAscii tree = go tree "" True
++ go left (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) False
++ go right (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) True
-- Utility
rules :: IO ()
rules = putStr $ header
++ (unlines $ tcRules)
++ (unlines $ haskellRules)
++ footer
where
tcRules :: [String]
tcRules =
[ "| |"
, "| ┌--------- | Tree Calculus | ---------┐ |"
, "| | 1. t t a b -> a | |"
, "| | 2. t (t a) b c -> a c (b c)| |"
, "| | 3a. t (t a b) c t -> a | |"
, "| | 3b. t (t a b) c (t u) -> b u | |"
, "| | 3c. t (t a b) c (t u v) -> c u v | |"
, "| └-------------------------------------┘ |"
, "| |"
]
haskellRules :: [String]
haskellRules =
[ "| ┌------------------------------ | Haskell | --------------------------------┐ |"
, "| | | |"
, "| | data T = Leaf | Stem T | Fork TT | |"
, "| | | |"
, "| | apply :: T -> T -> T | |"
, "| | apply Leaf b = Stem b | |"
, "| | apply (Stem a) b = Fork a b | |"
, "| | apply (Fork Leaf a) _ = a | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Stem a1) a2) b = apply (apply a1 b) (apply a2 b) | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) Leaf = a1 | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Stem u) = apply a2 u | |"
, "| | apply (Fork (Fork a1 a2) a3) (Fork u v) = apply (apply a3 u) v | |"
, "| └---------------------------------------------------------------------------┘ |"
]
header :: String
header = "┌-------------------- | Rules for evaluating Tree Calculus | -------------------┐\n"
footer :: String
footer = "└-------------------- | Rules for evaluating Tree Calculus | -------------------┘\n"

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@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
module Main where
import Eval
import FileEval
import Lexer
import Library
import Parser
import REPL
import Research
import Control.Exception (evaluate, try, SomeException)
import Control.Monad.IO.Class (liftIO)
import Test.Tasty
import Test.Tasty.HUnit
import Test.Tasty.QuickCheck
@ -30,7 +28,6 @@ tests = testGroup "Tricu Tests"
, evaluationTests
, lambdaEvalTests
, libraryTests
, fileEvaluationTests
, propertyTests
]
@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ lexerTests = testGroup "Lexer Tests"
expect = Right [LKeywordT, LStringLiteral "string", LIntegerLiteral 42]
runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex invalid token" $ do
let input = "&invalid"
let input = "$invalid"
case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected lexer to fail on invalid token"
@ -71,7 +68,12 @@ lexerTests = testGroup "Lexer Tests"
parserTests :: TestTree
parserTests = testGroup "Parser Tests"
[ testCase "Error when assigning a value to T" $ do
[-- testCase "Error when parsing incomplete definitions" $ do
-- let input = lexTricu "x = "
-- case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of
-- Left _ -> return ()
-- Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure on invalid input"
testCase "Error when assigning a value to T" $ do
let input = lexTricu "t = x"
case (runParser parseExpression "" input) of
Left _ -> return ()
@ -150,10 +152,10 @@ parserTests = testGroup "Parser Tests"
let input = "(t) -- (t) -- (t)"
expect = [TLeaf]
parseTricu input @?= expect
, testCase "Comments with no terms" $ do
let input = unlines ["-- (t)", "(t t)"]
expect = [SEmpty,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
parseTricu input @?= expect
-- , testCase "Comments with no terms" $ do
-- let input = unlines ["-- (t)", "(t t)"]
-- expect = []
-- parseTricu input @?= expect
]
evaluationTests :: TestTree
@ -216,7 +218,7 @@ evaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
let input = "x = t t\nx = t\nx"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Leaf
, testCase "Apply identity to Boolean Not" $ do
, testCase "Apply identity to Boolean Not" $ do
let not = "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) t)"
let input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx " ++ not
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
@ -287,134 +289,95 @@ lambdaEvalTests = testGroup "Lambda Evaluation Tests"
libraryTests :: TestTree
libraryTests = testGroup "Library Tests"
[ testCase "K combinator 1" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 2" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 3" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "S combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s (t) (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "SKK == I (fully expanded)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s k k"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "I combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "i not"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf Leaf))
, testCase "Triage test Leaf" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test t"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Leaf\""
env @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Triage test (Stem Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Stem\""
env @?= "Stem"
, testCase "Triage test (Fork Leaf Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Fork\""
env @?= "Fork"
, testCase "Boolean NOT: true" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not true"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean NOT: false" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not false"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "List head" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head [(t) (t t) (t t t)]"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "List tail" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (tail [(t) (t t) (t t t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "List map" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (map (\\a : (t t t)) [(t) (t) (t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "Empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "emptyList []"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Non-empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not (emptyList [(1) (2) (3)])"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Concatenate strings" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "lconcat \"Hello, \" \"world!\""
let input = "listConcat \"Hello, \" \"world!\""
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Hello, world!\""
env @?= "Hello, world!"
, testCase "Verifying Equality" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "equal (t t t) (t t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
]
fileEvaluationTests :: TestTree
fileEvaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation tests"
[ testCase "Forks" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/fork.tri"
res @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "File ends with comment" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/comments-1.tri"
res @?= Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
, testCase "Mapping and Equality" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/map.tri"
res @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Eval and decoding string" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./test/string.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "\"String test!\""
]
propertyTests :: TestTree
propertyTests = testGroup "Property Tests"
[ testProperty "Lexing and parsing round-trip" $ \input ->

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
t (t (t (t (t t) (t t t)) t) t t) t

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
x = t (t t) t

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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-- This is a tricu comment!
-- t (t t) (t (t t t))
-- t (t t t) (t t)
-- x = (\a : a)
t (t t) t -- Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
-- t t
-- x
-- x = (\a : a)
-- t

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
t t t

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@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
false = t
true = t t
_ = t
k = t t
i = t (t k) t
s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
pair = t
matchList = (\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList (\k : k) (\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
hmap = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
lAnd = triage (\x : false) (\_ x : x) (\_ _ x : x)
lOr = triage (\x : x) (\_ _ : true) (\_ _ x : true)
equal = y (\self : triage (triage true (\z : false) (\y z : false)) (\ax : triage false (self ax) (\y z : false)) (\ax ay : triage false (\z : false) (\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
x = map (\i : lconcat "Successfully concatenated " i) [("two strings!")]
equal x [("Successfully concatenated two strings!")]

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@ -1 +0,0 @@
head (map (\i : lconcat "String " i) [("test!")])

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@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
cabal-version: 1.12
name: tricu
version: 0.5.0
version: 0.4.0
description: A micro-language for exploring Tree Calculus
author: James Eversole
maintainer: james@eversole.co
@ -17,21 +17,25 @@ executable tricu
hs-source-dirs:
src
default-extensions:
DeriveDataTypeable
ConstraintKinds
DataKinds
DeriveGeneric
FlexibleContexts
FlexibleInstances
GeneralizedNewtypeDeriving
OverloadedStrings
ScopedTypeVariables
ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -optl-pthread -fPIC
build-depends:
base >=4.7
, cmdargs
, containers
, haskeline
, megaparsec
, mtl
, text
other-modules:
Eval
FileEval
Lexer
Library
Parser
REPL
Research
@ -41,12 +45,8 @@ test-suite tricu-tests
type: exitcode-stdio-1.0
main-is: Spec.hs
hs-source-dirs: test, src
default-extensions:
DeriveDataTypeable
OverloadedStrings
build-depends:
base
, cmdargs
, containers
, haskeline
, megaparsec
@ -54,12 +54,11 @@ test-suite tricu-tests
, tasty
, tasty-hunit
, tasty-quickcheck
, text
default-language: Haskell2010
other-modules:
Eval
FileEval
Lexer
Library
Parser
REPL
Research