18 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
918d929c09 # File eval mode now relies on main function
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To encourage organizing code in a way that helps in understanding, I
have implemented the common idiom of requiring a `main` function. In
tricu and other functional languages, it is usually placed near the top
of the module. The evaluator gracefully handles the situation of passing
multiple files where the intermediary "library" files do not have main functions.
2025-01-26 15:33:12 -06:00
a64b3f0829 Definition dependency analysis
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tricu now allows defining terms in any order and will resolve
dependencies to ensure that they're evaluated in the right order.
Undefined terms are detected and throw errors during dependency
ordering.
For now we can't define top-level mutually recursive terms.
2025-01-26 14:50:39 -06:00
e2621bc09d Allow lambda expressions without explicit paren
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2025-01-26 08:52:28 -06:00
ea128929da Add optimization cases for triage and composition 2025-01-25 15:12:28 -06:00
2bd388c871 Eval optimization! Tests for demos
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2025-01-25 09:18:13 -06:00
1f5a910fb2 Immutable definitions and documentation updates
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2025-01-24 16:14:33 -06:00
8b043911ca Add size demo 2025-01-23 18:57:59 -06:00
2e246eb1c8 Remove Nix caching that can't work due to /nix/store permissions
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2025-01-23 17:59:47 -06:00
ba340ae56f Update README to reflect demo
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2025-01-23 17:36:39 -06:00
739851c864 Minify and mark as pre-release
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2025-01-23 17:23:02 -06:00
8995efce15 Release 0.6.0
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2025-01-23 16:44:14 -06:00
03e2f6b93e Some special characters in ids; new demos
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Adds support for several special characters in identifiers. Adds a demo
for converting values to source code and another for checking equality.
Updates the existing demo and tests to reflect new names for functions
returning booleans.
2025-01-23 15:46:40 -06:00
419d66b4d1 All paths for caching cabal included :)
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2025-01-21 17:00:20 -06:00
4b98afd803 Use runner 0.1.0
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2025-01-21 16:49:15 -06:00
0768e11a02 Update Cabal caching path
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2025-01-21 16:48:29 -06:00
42fce0ae43 Drop unreachable cases of updateDepth
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2025-01-21 16:16:04 -06:00
51b1eb070f Add more explicit error handling for mismatched groupings 2025-01-21 16:06:10 -06:00
c2e5a8985a Inline pattern matching in Parser 2025-01-21 14:21:47 -06:00
23 changed files with 695 additions and 417 deletions

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@ -1,86 +1,65 @@
name: Test and Build
name: Test, Build, and Release
on:
push:
branches:
- main
pull_request:
types:
- opened
- synchronize
tags:
- '*'
jobs:
test:
container:
image: docker.matri.cx/nix-runner:latest
image: docker.matri.cx/nix-runner:v0.1.0
credentials:
username: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
steps:
- name: Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Set up cache for Cabal
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
~/.cabal
~/.ghc
key: cabal-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('tricu.cabal') }}
~/.cache/cabal
~/.config/cabal
~/.local/state/cabal
key: cabal-${{ hashFiles('tricu.cabal') }}
restore-keys: |
cabal-${{ runner.os }}-
- name: Set up cache for Nix
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
/nix/store
/nix/var/nix/cache
key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('flake.lock') }}
restore-keys: |
nix-${{ runner.os }}-
cabal-
- name: Initialize Cabal and update package list
run: |
nix develop --command cabal update
- name: Install dependencies and run tests
- name: Run test suite
run: |
nix develop --command cabal test
build:
needs: test
container:
image: docker.matri.cx/nix-runner:latest
image: docker.matri.cx/nix-runner:v0.1.0
credentials:
username: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_USERNAME }}
password: ${{ secrets.REGISTRY_PASSWORD }}
steps:
- name: Checkout code
uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Set up cache for Cabal
uses: actions/cache@v4
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
with:
path: |
~/.cabal
~/.ghc
key: cabal-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('tricu.cabal') }}
restore-keys: |
cabal-${{ runner.os }}-
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Set up cache for Nix
uses: actions/cache@v4
with:
path: |
/nix/store
/nix/var/nix/cache
key: nix-${{ runner.os }}-${{ hashFiles('flake.lock') }}
restore-keys: |
nix-${{ runner.os }}-
- name: Build binary
- name: Build and shrink binary
run: |
nix build
ls -alh ./result/bin/tricu
cp -L ./result/bin/tricu ./tricu
chmod 755 ./tricu
nix develop --command upx ./tricu
- name: Release binary
uses: akkuman/gitea-release-action@v1
with:
files: |-
./tricu
token: '${{ secrets.RELEASE_TOKEN }}'
body: '${{ gitea.event.head_commit.message }}'
pre_release: true

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@ -2,21 +2,22 @@
## Introduction
tricu (pronounced "tree-shoe") is a purely functional interpreted language implemented in Haskell. [I'm](https://eversole.co) developing tricu to further research the possibilities offered by the various forms of [Tree Calculi](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf).
tricu (pronounced "tree-shoe") is a purely functional interpreted language implemented in Haskell. It is fundamentally based on the application of [Tree Calculus](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf) terms, but minimal syntax sugar is included to provide a useful programming tool. tricu is under active development and you can expect breaking changes with nearly every commit.
tricu offers minimal syntax sugar yet manages to provide a complete, intuitive, and familiar programming environment. There is great power in simplicity. tricu offers:
tricu is the word for "tree" in Lojban: `(x1) is a tree of species/cultivar (x2)`.
1. `t` operator behaving by the rules of Tree Calculus
1. Function definitions/assignments
1. Lambda abstractions eliminated to Tree Calculus forms
1. List, Number, and String literals
1. Parentheses for grouping function application
## Features
These features move us cleanly out of the [turing tarpit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_tarpit) territory that you may find yourself in if you try working only with the `t` operator.
- Tree Calculus operator: `t`
- Assignments: `x = t t`
- Lambda abstraction syntax: `id = (\a : a)`
- List, Number, and String literals: `[(2) ("Hello")]`
- Function application: `not (not false)`
- Higher order/first-class functions: `map (\a : lconcat a "!") [("Hello")]`
- Intensionality blurs the distinction between functions and data (see REPL examples)
- Immutability
tricu is the word for "tree" in Lojban: `(x1) is a tree of species/cultivar (x2)`. This project was named "sapling" until I discovered the name is already being used for other (completely unrelated) programming language development projects.
## What does it look like?
## REPL examples
```
tricu < -- Anything after `--` on a single line is a comment
@ -26,19 +27,24 @@ tricu > "Hello, world!"
tricu < id (head (map (\i : lconcat i " world!") [("Hello, ")]))
tricu > "Hello, world!"
tricu < -- Intensionality! We can inspect the structure of a function.
tricu < -- Intensionality! We can inspect the structure of a function or data.
tricu < triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
tricu < test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
tricu < test t t
tricu < test (t t)
tricu > "Stem"
tricu < -- We can even write a function to convert a function to source code
tricu < toTString id
tricu > "t (t (t t)) t"
tricu < -- We can even convert a term back to source code (/demos/toSource.tri)
tricu < toSource not?
tricu > "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) (t t (t t t)))"
tricu < -- or calculate its size (/demos/size.tri)
tricu < size not?
tricu > 12
```
## Installation and Use
You can easily build and/or run this project using [Nix](https://nixos.org/download/).
[Releases are available for Linux.](https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu/releases)
Or you can easily build and/or run this project using [Nix](https://nixos.org/download/).
- Quick Start (REPL):
- `nix run git+https://git.eversole.co/James/tricu`
@ -65,7 +71,7 @@ tricu eval [OPTIONS]
-f --file=FILE Input file path(s) for evaluation.
Defaults to stdin.
-t --form=FORM Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).
-t --form=FORM Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii|decode).
Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form.
tricu decode [OPTIONS]
@ -79,4 +85,4 @@ tricu decode [OPTIONS]
Tree Calculus was discovered by [Barry Jay](https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/blog).
[treecalcul.us](https://treecalcul.us) is an excellent website with an intuitive playground created by [Johannes Bader](https://johannes-bader.com/) that introduced me to Tree Calculus. If tricu sounds interesting but compiling this repo sounds like a hassle, you should check out his site.
[treecalcul.us](https://treecalcul.us) is an excellent website with an intuitive Tree Calculus code playground created by [Johannes Bader](https://johannes-bader.com/) that introduced me to Tree Calculus.

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@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-- Level Order Traversal of a labelled binary tree
-- Objective: Print each "level" of the tree on a separate line
--
-- NOTICE: This demo relies on tricu base library functions
--
-- We model labelled binary trees as sublists where values act as labels. We
-- require explicit notation of empty nodes. Empty nodes can be represented
-- with an empty list, `[]`, which is equivalent to a single node `t`.
--
-- Example tree inputs:
-- [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
-- Graph:
-- 1
-- / \
-- 2 3
-- / / \
-- 4 5 6
--
isLeaf = (\node :
lOr
(emptyList node)
(emptyList (tail node)))
getLabel = (\node : head node)
getLeft = (\node : if (emptyList node)
[]
(if (emptyList (tail node))
[]
(head (tail node))))
getRight = (\node : if (emptyList node)
[]
(if (emptyList (tail node))
[]
(if (emptyList (tail (tail node)))
[]
(head (tail (tail node))))))
processLevel = y (\self queue : if (emptyList queue)
[]
(pair (map getLabel queue) (self (filter
(\node : not (emptyList node))
(lconcat (map getLeft queue) (map getRight queue))))))
levelOrderTraversal = (\a : processLevel (t a t))
toLineString = y (\self levels : if (emptyList levels)
""
(lconcat
(lconcat (map (\x : lconcat x " ") (head levels)) "")
(if (emptyList (tail levels)) "" (lconcat (t (t 10 t) t) (self (tail levels))))))
levelOrderToString = (\s : toLineString (levelOrderTraversal s))
flatten = foldl (\acc x : lconcat acc x) ""
flatLOT = (\s : lconcat (t 10 t) (flatten (levelOrderToString s)))
exampleOne = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]
exampleTwo = flatLOT [("1") [("2") [("4") [("8") t t] [("9") t t]] [("6") [("10") t t] [("12") t t]]] [("3") [("5") [("11") t t] t] [("7") t t]]]
exampleOne

37
demos/equality.tri Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
main = lambdaEqualsTC
-- We represent `false` with a Leaf and `true` with a Stem Leaf
demo_false = t
demo_true = t t
-- Tree Calculus representation of the Boolean `not` function
not_TC? = t (t (t t) (t t t)) (t t (t t t))
-- /demos/toSource.tri contains an explanation of `triage`
demo_triage = \a b c : t (t a b) c
demo_matchBool = (\ot of : demo_triage
of
(\_ : ot)
(\_ _ : ot)
)
-- Lambda representation of the Boolean `not` function
not_Lambda? = demo_matchBool demo_false demo_true
-- Since tricu eliminates Lambda terms to SKI combinators, the tree form of many
-- functions defined via Lambda terms are larger than the most efficient TC
-- representation. Between different languages that evaluate to tree calculus
-- terms, the exact implementation of Lambda elimination may differ and lead
-- to different tree representations even if they share extensional behavior.
-- Let's see if these are the same:
lambdaEqualsTC = equal? not_TC? not_Lambda?
-- Here are some checks to verify their extensional behavior is the same:
true_TC? = not_TC? demo_false
false_TC? = not_TC? demo_true
true_Lambda? = not_Lambda? demo_false
false_Lambda? = not_Lambda? demo_true
bothTrueEqual? = equal? true_TC? true_Lambda?
bothFalseEqual? = equal? false_TC? false_Lambda?

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@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
main = exampleTwo
-- Level Order Traversal of a labelled binary tree
-- Objective: Print each "level" of the tree on a separate line
--
-- We model labelled binary trees as nested lists where values act as labels. We
-- require explicit notation of empty nodes. Empty nodes can be represented
-- with an empty list, `[]`, which evaluates to a single node `t`.
--
-- Example tree inputs:
-- [("1") [("2") [("4") t t] t] [("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]]
-- Graph:
-- 1
-- / \
-- 2 3
-- / / \
-- 4 5 6
label = \node : head node
left = (\node : if (emptyList? node)
[]
(if (emptyList? (tail node))
[]
(head (tail node))))
right = (\node : if (emptyList? node)
[]
(if (emptyList? (tail node))
[]
(if (emptyList? (tail (tail node)))
[]
(head (tail (tail node))))))
processLevel = y (\self queue : if (emptyList? queue)
[]
(pair (map label queue) (self (filter
(\node : not? (emptyList? node))
(lconcat (map left queue) (map right queue))))))
levelOrderTraversal_ = \a : processLevel (t a t)
toLineString = y (\self levels : if (emptyList? levels)
""
(lconcat
(lconcat (map (\x : lconcat x " ") (head levels)) "")
(if (emptyList? (tail levels)) "" (lconcat (t (t 10 t) t) (self (tail levels))))))
levelOrderToString = \s : toLineString (levelOrderTraversal_ s)
flatten = foldl (\acc x : lconcat acc x) ""
levelOrderTraversal = \s : lconcat (t 10 t) (flatten (levelOrderToString s))
exampleOne = levelOrderTraversal [("1")
[("2") [("4") t t] t]
[("3") [("5") t t] [("6") t t]]]
exampleTwo = levelOrderTraversal [("1")
[("2") [("4") [("8") t t] [("9") t t]]
[("6") [("10") t t] [("12") t t]]]
[("3") [("5") [("11") t t] t] [("7") t t]]]

21
demos/size.tri Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
main = size size
compose = \f g x : f (g x)
succ = y (\self :
triage
1
t
(triage
(t (t t))
(\_ tail : t t (self tail))
t))
size = (\x :
(y (\self x :
compose succ
(triage
(\x : x)
self
(\x y : compose (self x) (self y))
x)) x 0))

47
demos/toSource.tri Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
main = toSource not?
-- Thanks to intensionality, we can inspect the structure of a given value
-- even if it's a function. This includes lambdas which are eliminated to
-- Tree Calculus (TC) terms during evaluation.
-- `triage` takes four arguments: the first three represent behaviors for each
-- structural case in Tree Calculus (Leaf, Stem, and Fork).
-- The fourth argument is the value whose structure is inspected. By evaluating
-- the Tree Calculus term, `triage` enables branching logic based on the term's
-- shape, making it possible to perform structure-specific operations such as
-- reconstructing the terms' source code representation.
-- triage = (\leaf stem fork : t (t leaf stem) fork)
-- Base case of a single Leaf
sourceLeaf = t (head "t")
-- Stem case
sourceStem = (\convert : (\a rest :
t (head "(") -- Start with a left parenthesis "(".
(t (head "t") -- Add a "t"
(t (head " ") -- Add a space.
(convert a -- Recursively convert the argument.
(t (head ")") rest)))))) -- Close with ")" and append the rest.
-- Fork case
sourceFork = (\convert : (\a b rest :
t (head "(") -- Start with a left parenthesis "(".
(t (head "t") -- Add a "t"
(t (head " ") -- Add a space.
(convert a -- Recursively convert the first arg.
(t (head " ") -- Add another space.
(convert b -- Recursively convert the second arg.
(t (head ")") rest)))))))) -- Close with ")" and append the rest.
-- Wrapper around triage
toSource_ = y (\self arg :
triage
sourceLeaf -- `triage` "a" case, Leaf
(sourceStem self) -- `triage` "b" case, Stem
(sourceFork self) -- `triage` "c" case, Fork
arg) -- The term to be inspected
-- toSource takes a single TC term and returns a String
toSource = \v : toSource_ v ""
exampleOne = toSource true -- OUT: "(t t)"
exampleTwo = toSource not? -- OUT: "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) (t t (t t t)))"

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@ -32,10 +32,11 @@
defaultPackage = self.packages.${system}.default;
devShells.default = pkgs.mkShell {
buildInputs = with pkgs.haskellPackages; [
cabal-install
ghcid
buildInputs = with pkgs; [
haskellPackages.cabal-install
haskellPackages.ghcid
customGHC
upx
];
inputsFrom = builtins.attrValues self.packages.${system};
};

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@ -7,16 +7,16 @@ s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
iD = b (b iC) iC
iE = b (b iD) iC
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
yC = yi iD
yD = yi iE
id = (\a : a)
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
id = \a : a
pair = t
if = \cond then else : t (t else (t t then)) t cond
y = ((\mut wait fun : wait mut (\x : fun (wait mut x)))
(\x : x x)
(\a0 a1 a2 : t (t a0) (t t a2) a1))
triage = \leaf stem fork : t (t leaf stem) fork
test = triage "Leaf" (\_ : "Stem") (\_ _ : "Fork")
matchBool = (\ot of : triage
of
@ -24,70 +24,60 @@ matchBool = (\ot of : triage
(\_ _ : ot)
)
matchList = (\oe oc : triage
oe
_
oc
)
matchList = \a b : triage a _ b
matchPair = (\op : triage
_
_
op
)
matchPair = \a : triage _ _ a
not = matchBool false true
and = matchBool id (\z : false)
if = (\cond then else : t (t else (t t then)) t cond)
test = triage "Leaf" (\z : "Stem") (\a b : "Fork")
not? = matchBool false true
and? = matchBool id (\_ : false)
emptyList? = matchList true (\_ _ : false)
emptyList = matchList true (\y z : false)
head = matchList t (\hd tl : hd)
tail = matchList t (\hd tl : tl)
head = matchList t (\head _ : head)
tail = matchList t (\_ tail : tail)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList
(\k : k)
(\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
lAnd = (triage
(\x : false)
(\_ : false)
(\_ x : x)
(\_ _ x : x)
)
(\_ _ x : x))
lOr = (triage
(\x : x)
(\_ _ : true)
(\_ _ x : true)
)
(\_ _ _ : true))
hmap = y (\self :
map_ = y (\self :
matchList
(\f : t)
(\hd tl f : pair
(f hd)
(self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
(\_ : t)
(\head tail f : pair (f head) (self tail f)))
map = \f l : map_ l f
equal = y (\self : triage
equal? = y (\self : triage
(triage
true
(\z : false)
(\y z : false))
(\ax : triage
(\_ : false)
(\_ _ : false))
(\ax :
triage
false
(self ax)
(\y z : false))
(\ax ay : triage
(\_ _ : false))
(\ax ay :
triage
false
(\z : false)
(\_ : false)
(\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
hfilter = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : matchBool (t hd) i (f hd) (self tl f)))
filter = (\f l : hfilter l f)
filter_ = y (\self : matchList
(\_ : t)
(\head tail f : matchBool (t head) i (f head) (self tail f)))
filter = \f l : filter_ l f
hfoldl = y (\self f l x : matchList (\acc : acc) (\hd tl acc : self f tl (f acc hd)) l x)
foldl = (\f x l : hfoldl f l x)
foldl_ = y (\self f l x : matchList (\acc : acc) (\head tail acc : self f tail (f acc head)) l x)
foldl = \f x l : foldl_ f l x
hfoldr = y (\self x f l : matchList x (\hd tl : f (self x f tl) hd) l)
foldr = (\f x l : hfoldr x f l)
foldr_ = y (\self x f l : matchList x (\head tail : f (self x f tail) head) l)
foldr = \f x l : foldr_ x f l

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@ -3,14 +3,19 @@ module Eval where
import Parser
import Research
import Data.List (partition)
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import qualified Data.Set as Set
evalSingle :: Env -> TricuAST -> Env
evalSingle env term
| SFunc name [] body <- term =
| SDef name [] body <- term =
if
| Map.member name env ->
errorWithoutStackTrace $
"Error: Identifier '" ++ name ++ "' is already defined."
| otherwise ->
let res = evalAST env body
in Map.insert "__result" res (Map.insert name res env)
| SApp func arg <- term =
@ -18,17 +23,22 @@ evalSingle env term
in Map.insert "__result" res env
| SVar name <- term =
case Map.lookup name env of
Just v -> Map.insert "__result" v env
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined"
Just v ->
Map.insert "__result" v env
Nothing ->
errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable `" ++ name ++ "` not defined\n\
\This error should never occur here. Please report this as an issue."
| otherwise =
Map.insert "__result" (evalAST env term) env
evalTricu :: Env -> [TricuAST] -> Env
evalTricu env [] = env
evalTricu env [x] =
evalTricu env x = go env (reorderDefs env x)
where
go env [] = env
go env [x] =
let updatedEnv = evalSingle env x
in Map.insert "__result" (result updatedEnv) updatedEnv
evalTricu env (x:xs) =
go env (x:xs) =
evalTricu (evalSingle env x) xs
evalAST :: Env -> TricuAST -> T
@ -49,11 +59,24 @@ evalAST env term
(errorWithoutStackTrace $ "Variable " ++ name ++ " not defined")
name env
-- https://github.com/barry-jay-personal/typed_tree_calculus/blob/main/typed_program_analysis.pdf
-- Chapter 4: Lambda-Abstraction
elimLambda :: TricuAST -> TricuAST
elimLambda = go
where
-- η-reduction
go (SLambda [v] (SApp f (SVar x)))
| v == x && not (isFree v f) = elimLambda f
-- Triage optimization
go (SLambda [a] (SLambda [b] (SLambda [c] body)))
| body == triageBody = _TRIAGE
where
triageBody =
(SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf (SVar a)) (SVar b))) (SVar c))
-- Composition optimization
go (SLambda [f] (SLambda [g] (SLambda [x] body)))
| body == composeBody = _COMPOSE
where
composeBody = SApp (SVar f) (SApp (SVar g) (SVar x))
-- General elimination
go (SLambda (v:vs) body)
| null vs = toSKI v (elimLambda body)
| otherwise = elimLambda (SLambda [v] (SLambda vs body))
@ -68,25 +91,96 @@ elimLambda = go
| otherwise = SApp (SApp _S (toSKI x n)) (toSKI x u)
toSKI x t
| not (isFree x t) = SApp _K t
| otherwise = SApp (SApp _S (toSKI x t)) TLeaf
| otherwise = errorWithoutStackTrace "Unhandled toSKI conversion"
_S = parseSingle "t (t (t t t)) t"
_K = parseSingle "t t"
_I = parseSingle "t (t (t t)) t"
_TRIAGE = parseSingle "t (t (t t (t (t (t t t))))) t"
_COMPOSE = parseSingle "t (t (t t (t (t (t t t)) t))) (t t)"
isFree :: String -> TricuAST -> Bool
isFree x = Set.member x . freeVars
freeVars :: TricuAST -> Set.Set String
freeVars (SVar v ) = Set.singleton v
freeVars (SInt _ ) = Set.empty
freeVars (SStr _ ) = Set.empty
freeVars (SList s ) = foldMap freeVars s
freeVars (SApp f a ) = freeVars f <> freeVars a
freeVars (TLeaf ) = Set.empty
freeVars (SFunc _ _ b) = freeVars b
freeVars (SDef _ _ b) = freeVars b
freeVars (TStem t ) = freeVars t
freeVars (TFork l r ) = freeVars l <> freeVars r
freeVars (SLambda v b ) = foldr Set.delete (freeVars b) v
reorderDefs :: Env -> [TricuAST] -> [TricuAST]
reorderDefs env defs
| not (null missingDeps) =
errorWithoutStackTrace $
"Missing dependencies detected: " ++ show missingDeps
| otherwise = orderedDefs ++ others
where
(defsOnly, others) = partition isDef defs
graph = buildDepGraph defsOnly
sortedDefs = sortDeps graph
defMap = Map.fromList [(name, def) | def@(SDef name _ _) <- defsOnly]
orderedDefs = map (\name -> defMap Map.! name) sortedDefs
topDefNames = Set.fromList (Map.keys defMap)
envNames = Set.fromList (Map.keys env)
freeVarsDefs = foldMap (\(SDef _ _ body) -> freeVars body) defsOnly
freeVarsOthers = foldMap freeVars others
allFreeVars = freeVarsDefs <> freeVarsOthers
validNames = topDefNames `Set.union` envNames
missingDeps = Set.toList (allFreeVars `Set.difference` validNames)
isDef (SDef _ _ _) = True
isDef _ = False
buildDepGraph :: [TricuAST] -> Map.Map String (Set.Set String)
buildDepGraph topDefs
| not (null duplicateNames) =
errorWithoutStackTrace $
"Duplicate definitions detected: " ++ show duplicateNames
| otherwise =
Map.fromList
[ (name, depends topDefs (SDef name [] body))
| SDef name _ body <- topDefs]
where
names = [name | SDef name _ _ <- topDefs]
duplicateNames =
[ name | (name, count) <- Map.toList (countOccurrences names) , count > 1]
countOccurrences = foldr (\x -> Map.insertWith (+) x 1) Map.empty
sortDeps :: Map.Map String (Set.Set String) -> [String]
sortDeps graph = go [] (Map.keys graph)
where
go sorted [] = sorted
go sorted remaining
| null ready =
errorWithoutStackTrace
"ERROR: Top-level cyclic dependency detected and prohibited\n\
\RESOLVE: Use nested lambdas"
| otherwise = go (sorted ++ ready) notReady
where
ready = [ name | name <- remaining
, all (`elem` sorted) (Set.toList (graph Map.! name))]
notReady =
[ name | name <- remaining , name `notElem` ready]
depends :: [TricuAST] -> TricuAST -> Set.Set String
depends topDefs (SDef _ _ body) =
Set.intersection
(Set.fromList [n | SDef n _ _ <- topDefs])
(freeVars body)
depends _ _ = Set.empty
result :: Env -> T
result r = case Map.lookup "__result" r of
Just a -> a
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No __result field found in provided environment"
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No __result field found in provided env"
mainResult :: Env -> T
mainResult r = case Map.lookup "main" r of
Just a -> a
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No valid definition for `main` found."

View File

@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ evaluateFileResult filePath = do
contents <- readFile filePath
let asts = parseTricu contents
let finalEnv = evalTricu Map.empty asts
case Map.lookup "__result" finalEnv of
case Map.lookup "main" finalEnv of
Just finalResult -> return finalResult
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No expressions to evaluate found"
Nothing -> errorWithoutStackTrace "No `main` function detected"
evaluateFile :: FilePath -> IO Env
evaluateFile filePath = do

View File

@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ keywordT = string "t" *> notFollowedBy alphaNumChar *> pure LKeywordT
identifier :: Lexer LToken
identifier = do
first <- letterChar <|> char '_'
rest <- many (letterChar <|> char '_' <|> char '-' <|> digitChar)
rest <- many $ letterChar
<|> digitChar
<|> char '_' <|> char '-' <|> char '?' <|> char '!'
<|> char '$' <|> char '#' <|> char '@' <|> char '%'
let name = first : rest
if (name == "t" || name == "__result")
then fail "Keywords (`t`, `__result`) cannot be used as an identifier"

View File

@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
module Main where
import Eval (evalTricu, result)
import Eval (evalTricu, mainResult, result)
import FileEval
import Parser (parseTricu)
import REPL
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import qualified Data.Map as Map
data TricuArgs
= Repl
| Evaluate { file :: [FilePath], form :: EvaluatedForm }
| Decode { file :: [FilePath] }
| TDecode { file :: [FilePath] }
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
replMode :: TricuArgs
@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ evaluateMode = Evaluate
\ Defaults to stdin."
&= name "f" &= typ "FILE"
, form = TreeCalculus &= typ "FORM"
&= help "Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii).\n \
&= help "Optional output form: (tree|fsl|ast|ternary|ascii|decode).\n \
\ Defaults to tricu-compatible `t` tree form."
&= name "t"
}
@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ evaluateMode = Evaluate
&= name "eval"
decodeMode :: TricuArgs
decodeMode = Decode
decodeMode = TDecode
{ file = def
&= help "Optional input file path to attempt decoding.\n \
\ Defaults to stdin."
@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ main = do
(filePath:restFilePaths) -> do
initialEnv <- evaluateFile filePath
finalEnv <- foldM evaluateFileWithContext initialEnv restFilePaths
pure $ result finalEnv
pure $ mainResult finalEnv
let fRes = formatResult form result
putStr fRes
Decode { file = filePaths } -> do
TDecode { file = filePaths } -> do
value <- case filePaths of
[] -> getContents
(filePath:_) -> readFile filePath

View File

@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ import Text.Megaparsec.Error (ParseErrorBundle, errorBundlePretty)
import qualified Data.Set as Set
data PState = PState
{ depth :: Int
{ parenDepth :: Int
, bracketDepth :: Int
} deriving (Show)
type ParserM = StateT PState (Parsec Void [LToken])
@ -24,24 +25,33 @@ satisfyM f = do
return token
updateDepth :: LToken -> PState -> PState
updateDepth LOpenParen st = st { depth = depth st + 1 }
updateDepth LCloseParen st = st { depth = max 0 (depth st - 1) }
updateDepth LOpenParen st = st { parenDepth = parenDepth st + 1 }
updateDepth LOpenBracket st = st { bracketDepth = bracketDepth st + 1 }
updateDepth LCloseParen st = st { parenDepth = parenDepth st - 1 }
updateDepth LCloseBracket st = st { bracketDepth = bracketDepth st - 1 }
updateDepth _ st = st
topLevelNewline :: ParserM ()
topLevelNewline = do
st <- get
if depth st == 0
if parenDepth st == 0 && bracketDepth st == 0
then void (satisfyM (== LNewline))
else fail "Top-level exit in paren context"
else fail "Top-level exit in nested context (paren or bracket)"
parseProgram :: [LToken] -> Either (ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void) [TricuAST]
parseProgram tokens =
runParser (evalStateT parseProgramM (PState 0)) "" tokens
runParser (evalStateT (parseProgramM <* finalizeDepth <* eof) (PState 0 0)) "" tokens
parseSingleExpr :: [LToken] -> Either (ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void) TricuAST
parseSingleExpr tokens =
runParser (evalStateT (scnParserM *> parseExpressionM <* eofM) (PState 0)) "" tokens
runParser (evalStateT (scnParserM *> parseExpressionM <* finalizeDepth <* eof) (PState 0 0)) "" tokens
finalizeDepth :: ParserM ()
finalizeDepth = do
st <- get
case (parenDepth st, bracketDepth st) of
(0, 0) -> pure ()
(p, b) -> fail $ "Unmatched tokens: " ++ show (p, b)
parseTricu :: String -> [TricuAST]
parseTricu input =
@ -49,7 +59,7 @@ parseTricu input =
[] -> []
toks ->
case parseProgram toks of
Left err -> error (handleParseError err)
Left err -> errorWithoutStackTrace (handleParseError err)
Right asts -> asts
parseSingle :: String -> TricuAST
@ -58,7 +68,7 @@ parseSingle input =
[] -> SEmpty
toks ->
case parseSingleExpr toks of
Left err -> error (handleParseError err)
Left err -> errorWithoutStackTrace (handleParseError err)
Right ast -> ast
parseProgramM :: ParserM [TricuAST]
@ -75,10 +85,10 @@ scnParserM :: ParserM ()
scnParserM = skipMany $ do
t <- lookAhead anySingle
st <- get
if depth st > 0 && isNewline t
then void (satisfyM isNewline)
else
fail "In paren context or no space token" <|> empty
if | (parenDepth st > 0 || bracketDepth st > 0) && (t == LNewline) ->
void $ satisfyM (== LNewline)
| otherwise ->
fail "In nested context or no space token" <|> empty
eofM :: ParserM ()
eofM = lift eof
@ -96,23 +106,23 @@ parseExpressionM = choice
parseFunctionM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseFunctionM = do
LIdentifier name <- satisfyM isIdentifier
args <- many (satisfyM isIdentifier)
let ident = (\case LIdentifier _ -> True; _ -> False)
LIdentifier name <- satisfyM ident
args <- many $ satisfyM ident
_ <- satisfyM (== LAssign)
scnParserM
body <- parseExpressionM
pure (SFunc name (map getIdentifier args) body)
pure (SDef name (map getIdentifier args) body)
parseLambdaM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseLambdaM = between (satisfyM (== LOpenParen)) (satisfyM (== LCloseParen)) $ do
parseLambdaM = do
let ident = (\case LIdentifier _ -> True; _ -> False)
_ <- satisfyM (== LBackslash)
param <- satisfyM isIdentifier
rest <- many (satisfyM isIdentifier)
params <- some (satisfyM ident)
_ <- satisfyM (== LColon)
scnParserM
body <- parseLambdaExpressionM
let nested = foldr (\v acc -> SLambda [getIdentifier v] acc) body rest
pure (SLambda [getIdentifier param] nested)
pure $ foldr (\param acc -> SLambda [getIdentifier param] acc) body params
parseLambdaExpressionM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseLambdaExpressionM = choice
@ -158,8 +168,9 @@ parseAtomicBaseM = choice
parseTreeLeafM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseTreeLeafM = do
_ <- satisfyM isKeywordT
notFollowedBy (lift (satisfy (== LAssign)))
let keyword = (\case LKeywordT -> True; _ -> False)
_ <- satisfyM keyword
notFollowedBy $ lift $ satisfy (== LAssign)
pure TLeaf
parseTreeTermM :: ParserM TricuAST
@ -201,7 +212,10 @@ parseLiteralM = choice
parseListLiteralM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseListLiteralM = do
_ <- satisfyM (== LOpenBracket)
elements <- many parseListItemM
elements <- many $ do
scnParserM
parseListItemM
scnParserM
_ <- satisfyM (== LCloseBracket)
pure (SList elements)
@ -221,79 +235,58 @@ parseGroupedItemM = do
parseSingleItemM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseSingleItemM = do
token <- satisfyM isListItem
case token of
LIdentifier name -> pure (SVar name)
LKeywordT -> pure TLeaf
_ -> fail "Unexpected token in list item"
token <- satisfyM (\case LIdentifier _ -> True; LKeywordT -> True; _ -> False)
if | LIdentifier name <- token -> pure (SVar name)
| token == LKeywordT -> pure TLeaf
| otherwise -> fail "Unexpected token in list item"
parseVarM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseVarM = do
LIdentifier name <- satisfyM isIdentifier
if name == "t" || name == "__result"
then fail ("Reserved keyword: " ++ name ++ " cannot be assigned.")
else pure (SVar name)
satisfyM (\case LIdentifier _ -> True; _ -> False) >>= \case
LIdentifier name
| name == "t" || name == "__result" ->
fail ("Reserved keyword: " ++ name ++ " cannot be assigned.")
| otherwise ->
pure (SVar name)
_ -> fail "Unexpected token while parsing variable"
parseIntLiteralM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseIntLiteralM = do
LIntegerLiteral value <- satisfyM isIntegerLiteral
let intL = (\case LIntegerLiteral _ -> True; _ -> False)
token <- satisfyM intL
if | LIntegerLiteral value <- token ->
pure (SInt value)
| otherwise ->
fail "Unexpected token while parsing integer literal"
parseStrLiteralM :: ParserM TricuAST
parseStrLiteralM = do
LStringLiteral value <- satisfyM isStringLiteral
let strL = (\case LStringLiteral _ -> True; _ -> False)
token <- satisfyM strL
if | LStringLiteral value <- token ->
pure (SStr value)
isKeywordT :: LToken -> Bool
isKeywordT LKeywordT = True
isKeywordT _ = False
isIdentifier :: LToken -> Bool
isIdentifier (LIdentifier _) = True
isIdentifier _ = False
isIntegerLiteral :: LToken -> Bool
isIntegerLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True
isIntegerLiteral _ = False
isStringLiteral :: LToken -> Bool
isStringLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True
isStringLiteral _ = False
isLiteral :: LToken -> Bool
isLiteral (LIntegerLiteral _) = True
isLiteral (LStringLiteral _) = True
isLiteral _ = False
isListItem :: LToken -> Bool
isListItem (LIdentifier _) = True
isListItem LKeywordT = True
isListItem _ = False
isNewline :: LToken -> Bool
isNewline LNewline = True
isNewline _ = False
| otherwise ->
fail "Unexpected token while parsing string literal"
getIdentifier :: LToken -> String
getIdentifier (LIdentifier name) = name
getIdentifier _ = error "Expected identifier"
getIdentifier _ = errorWithoutStackTrace "Expected identifier"
handleParseError :: ParseErrorBundle [LToken] Void -> String
handleParseError bundle =
let errors = bundleErrors bundle
errorList = Data.List.NonEmpty.toList errors
formattedErrs = map showError errorList
in unlines ("Parse error(s) encountered:" : formattedErrs)
showError :: ParseError [LToken] Void -> String
showError (TrivialError offset (Just (Tokens tokenStream)) expected) =
"Parse error at offset " ++ show offset
++ ": unexpected token " ++ show tokenStream
++ ", expected one of " ++ show (Set.toList expected)
showError (FancyError offset fancy) =
"Parse error at offset " ++ show offset ++ ":\n "
++ unlines (map show (Set.toList fancy))
showError (TrivialError offset Nothing expected) =
"Parse error at offset " ++ show offset
++ ": expected one of " ++ show (Set.toList expected)
formattedErrors = map formatError (Data.List.NonEmpty.toList errors)
in unlines ("Parse error(s) encountered:" : formattedErrors)
formatError :: ParseError [LToken] Void -> String
formatError (TrivialError offset unexpected expected) =
let unexpectedMsg = case unexpected of
Just x -> "unexpected token " ++ show x
Nothing -> "unexpected end of input"
expectedMsg = if null expected
then ""
else "expected " ++ show (Set.toList expected)
in "Parse error at offset " ++ show offset ++ ": " ++ unexpectedMsg ++
if null expectedMsg then "" else " " ++ expectedMsg
formatError (FancyError offset _) =
"Parse error at offset " ++ show offset ++ ": unexpected FancyError"

View File

@ -59,10 +59,3 @@ repl env = runInputT defaultSettings (loop env)
strip :: String -> String
strip = dropWhileEnd isSpace . dropWhile isSpace
decodeResult :: T -> String
decodeResult tc
| Right num <- toNumber tc = show num
| Right str <- toString tc = "\"" ++ str ++ "\""
| Right list <- toList tc = "[" ++ intercalate ", " (map decodeResult list) ++ "]"
| otherwise = formatResult TreeCalculus tc

View File

@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ data TricuAST
| SInt Int
| SStr String
| SList [TricuAST]
| SFunc String [String] TricuAST
| SDef String [String] TricuAST
| SApp TricuAST TricuAST
| TLeaf
| TStem TricuAST
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ data LToken
deriving (Show, Eq, Ord)
-- Output formats
data EvaluatedForm = TreeCalculus | FSL | AST | Ternary | Ascii
data EvaluatedForm = TreeCalculus | FSL | AST | Ternary | Ascii | Decode
deriving (Show, Data, Typeable)
-- Environment containing previously evaluated TC terms
@ -115,6 +115,7 @@ formatResult FSL = show
formatResult AST = show . toAST
formatResult Ternary = toTernaryString
formatResult Ascii = toAscii
formatResult Decode = decodeResult
toSimpleT :: String -> String
toSimpleT s = T.unpack
@ -147,4 +148,9 @@ toAscii tree = go tree "" True
++ go left (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) False
++ go right (prefix ++ (if isLast then " " else "| ")) True
-- Utility
decodeResult :: T -> String
decodeResult tc
| Right num <- toNumber tc = show num
| Right str <- toString tc = "\"" ++ str ++ "\""
| Right list <- toList tc = "[" ++ intercalate ", " (map decodeResult list) ++ "]"
| otherwise = formatResult TreeCalculus tc

View File

@ -25,180 +25,216 @@ runTricu s = show $ result (evalTricu Map.empty $ parseTricu s)
tests :: TestTree
tests = testGroup "Tricu Tests"
[ lexerTests
, parserTests
, evaluationTests
, lambdaEvalTests
, libraryTests
, fileEvaluationTests
[ lexer
, parser
, simpleEvaluation
, lambdas
, baseLibrary
, fileEval
, demos
]
lexerTests :: TestTree
lexerTests = testGroup "Lexer Tests"
lexer :: TestTree
lexer = testGroup "Lexer Tests"
[ testCase "Lex simple identifiers" $ do
let input = "x a b = a"
expect = Right [LIdentifier "x", LIdentifier "a", LIdentifier "b", LAssign, LIdentifier "a"]
runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t t t"
expect = Right [LKeywordT, LKeywordT, LKeywordT]
runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex escaped characters in strings" $ do
let input = "\"hello\\nworld\""
expect = Right [LStringLiteral "hello\\nworld"]
runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex mixed literals" $ do
let input = "t \"string\" 42"
expect = Right [LKeywordT, LStringLiteral "string", LIntegerLiteral 42]
runParser tricuLexer "" input @?= expect
, testCase "Lex invalid token" $ do
let input = "&invalid"
case runParser tricuLexer "" input of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected lexer to fail on invalid token"
, testCase "Drop trailing whitespace in definitions" $ do
let input = "x = 5 "
expect = [LIdentifier "x",LAssign,LIntegerLiteral 5]
case (runParser tricuLexer "" input) of
Left _ -> assertFailure "Failed to lex input"
Right i -> i @?= expect
, testCase "Error when using invalid characters in identifiers" $ do
case (runParser tricuLexer "" "__result = 5") of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of __result"
]
parserTests :: TestTree
parserTests = testGroup "Parser Tests"
parser :: TestTree
parser = testGroup "Parser Tests"
[ testCase "Error when assigning a value to T" $ do
let tokens = lexTricu "t = x"
case parseSingleExpr tokens of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected failure when trying to assign the value of T"
, testCase "Parse function definitions" $ do
let input = "x = (\\a b c : a)"
expect = SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SLambda ["c"] (SVar "a"))))
expect = SDef "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SLambda ["c"] (SVar "a"))))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t (t t) t"
expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf)) TLeaf
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse sequential Tree Calculus terms" $ do
let input = "t t t"
expect = SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) TLeaf
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse mixed list literals" $ do
let input = "[t (\"hello\") t]"
expect = SList [TLeaf, SStr "hello", TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse function with applications" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t x)"
expect = SFunc "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SVar "x")))
expect = SDef "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SVar "x")))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested lists" $ do
let input = "[t [(t t)]]"
expect = SList [TLeaf,SList [SApp TLeaf TLeaf]]
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse complex parentheses" $ do
let input = "t (t t (t t))"
expect = SApp TLeaf (SApp (SApp TLeaf TLeaf) (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse empty list" $ do
let input = "[]"
expect = SList []
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse multiple nested lists" $ do
let input = "[[t t] [t (t t)]]"
expect = SList [SList [TLeaf,TLeaf],SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]]
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse whitespace variance" $ do
let input1 = "[t t]"
let input2 = "[ t t ]"
expect = SList [TLeaf, TLeaf]
parseSingle input1 @?= expect
parseSingle input2 @?= expect
, testCase "Parse string in list" $ do
let input = "[(\"hello\")]"
expect = SList [SStr "hello"]
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse parentheses inside list" $ do
let input = "[t (t t)]"
expect = SList [TLeaf,SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse nested parentheses in function body" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t (t (t t)))"
expect = SFunc "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))))
expect = SDef "f" [] (SLambda ["x"] (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf (SApp TLeaf TLeaf))))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse lambda abstractions" $ do
let input = "(\\a : a)"
expect = (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a"))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Parse multiple arguments to lambda abstractions" $ do
let input = "x = (\\a b : a)"
expect = SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SVar "a")))
expect = SDef "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SLambda ["b"] (SVar "a")))
parseSingle input @?= expect
, testCase "Grouping T terms with parentheses in function application" $ do
let input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx (t)"
expect = [SFunc "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a")),SApp (SVar "x") TLeaf]
expect = [SDef "x" [] (SLambda ["a"] (SVar "a")),SApp (SVar "x") TLeaf]
parseTricu input @?= expect
, testCase "Comments 1" $ do
let input = "(t) (t) -- (t)"
expect = [SApp TLeaf TLeaf]
parseTricu input @?= expect
, testCase "Comments 2" $ do
let input = "(t) -- (t) -- (t)"
expect = [TLeaf]
parseTricu input @?= expect
]
evaluationTests :: TestTree
evaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
simpleEvaluation :: TestTree
simpleEvaluation = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
[ testCase "Evaluate single Leaf" $ do
let input = "t"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate single Stem" $ do
let input = "t t"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate single Fork" $ do
let input = "t t t"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate nested Fork and Stem" $ do
let input = "t (t t) t"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate `not` function" $ do
let input = "t (t (t t) (t t t)) t"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?=
Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
, testCase "Environment updates with definitions" $ do
let input = "x = t\ny = x"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
Map.lookup "x" env @?= Just Leaf
Map.lookup "y" env @?= Just Leaf
, testCase "Variable substitution" $ do
let input = "x = t t\ny = t x\ny"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Stem (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "Multiline input evaluation" $ do
let input = "x = t\ny = t t\nx"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Leaf
, testCase "Evaluate string literal" $ do
let input = "\"hello\""
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofString "hello"
, testCase "Evaluate list literal" $ do
let input = "[t (t t)]"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofList [Leaf, Stem Leaf]
, testCase "Evaluate empty list" $ do
let input = "[]"
let ast = parseSingle input
(result $ evalSingle Map.empty ast) @?= ofList []
, testCase "Evaluate variable dependency chain" $ do
let input = "x = t (t t)\n \
\ y = x\n \
@ -207,10 +243,17 @@ evaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
\ variablewithamuchlongername"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= (Stem (Stem Leaf))
, testCase "Evaluate variable shadowing" $ do
, testCase "Immutable definitions" $ do
let input = "x = t t\nx = t\nx"
env = evalTricu Map.empty (parseTricu input)
(result env) @?= Leaf
result <- try (evaluate (runTricu input)) :: IO (Either SomeException String)
case result of
Left _ -> return ()
Right _ -> assertFailure "Expected evaluation error"
, testCase "Apply identity to Boolean Not" $ do
let not = "(t (t (t t) (t t t)) t)"
let input = "x = (\\a : a)\nx " ++ not
@ -218,194 +261,259 @@ evaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation Tests"
result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) Leaf
]
lambdaEvalTests :: TestTree
lambdaEvalTests = testGroup "Lambda Evaluation Tests"
lambdas :: TestTree
lambdas = testGroup "Lambda Evaluation Tests"
[ testCase "Lambda Identity Function" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\nid t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Constant Function (K combinator)" $ do
let input = "k = (\\x y : x)\nk t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Application with Variable" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\nval = t t\nid val"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda Application with Multiple Arguments" $ do
let input = "apply = (\\f x y : f x y)\nk = (\\a b : a)\napply k t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Nested Lambda Application" $ do
let input = "apply = (\\f x y : f x y)\nid = (\\x : x)\napply (\\f x : f x) id t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with a complex body" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t (t x))\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda returning a function" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : x))\ng = f t\ng (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with Shadowing" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\x : x))\nf t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda returning another lambda" $ do
let input = "k = (\\x : (\\y : x))\nk_app = k t\nk_app (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with free variables" $ do
let input = "y = t t\nf = (\\x : y)\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "SKI Composition" $ do
let input = "s = (\\x y z : x z (y z))\nk = (\\x y : x)\ni = (\\x : x)\ncomp = s k i\ncomp t (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda with multiple parameters and application" $ do
let input = "f = (\\a b c : t a b c)\nf t (t t) (t t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with nested application in the body" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : t (t (t x)))\nf t"
runTricu input @?= "Stem (Stem (Stem Leaf))"
, testCase "Lambda returning a function and applying it" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : t x y))\ng = f t\ng (t t)"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Stem Leaf)"
, testCase "Lambda applying a variable" $ do
let input = "id = (\\x : x)\na = t t\nid a"
runTricu input @?= "Stem Leaf"
, testCase "Nested lambda abstractions in the same expression" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : (\\y : x y))\ng = (\\z : z)\nf g t"
runTricu input @?= "Leaf"
, testCase "Lambda with a string literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf \"hello\""
runTricu input @?= "Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) (Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf))))))) Leaf))))"
, testCase "Lambda with an integer literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf 42"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf)))))"
, testCase "Lambda with a list literal" $ do
let input = "f = (\\x : x)\nf [t (t t)]"
runTricu input @?= "Fork Leaf (Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf)"
]
libraryTests :: TestTree
libraryTests = testGroup "Library Tests"
baseLibrary :: TestTree
baseLibrary = testGroup "Library Tests"
[ testCase "K combinator 1" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 2" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "K combinator 3" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "k (t t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "S combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s (t) (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "SKK == I (fully expanded)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "s k k"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Stem (Stem Leaf)) (Stem Leaf)
, testCase "I combinator" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "i not"
let input = "i not?"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork (Fork (Stem Leaf) (Fork Leaf Leaf)) (Fork Leaf (Fork Leaf Leaf))
, testCase "Triage test Leaf" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test t"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Leaf\""
, testCase "Triage test (Stem Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Stem\""
, testCase "Triage test (Fork Leaf Leaf)" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "test (t t t)"
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Fork\""
, testCase "Boolean NOT: true" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not true"
let input = "not? true"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean NOT: false" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not false"
let input = "not? false"
env = result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t)"
let input = "and? (t t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t t)"
let input = "and? (t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND FF" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t) (t)"
let input = "and? (t) (t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "Boolean AND TT" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "and (t t) (t t)"
let input = "and? (t t) (t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "List head" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head [(t) (t t) (t t t)]"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Leaf
, testCase "List tail" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (tail [(t) (t t) (t t t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "List map" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "head (tail (map (\\a : (t t t)) [(t) (t) (t)]))"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "Empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "emptyList []"
let input = "emptyList? []"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Non-empty list check" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "not (emptyList [(1) (2) (3)])"
let input = "not? (emptyList? [(1) (2) (3)])"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Concatenate strings" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "lconcat \"Hello, \" \"world!\""
env = decodeResult $ result $ evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
env @?= "\"Hello, world!\""
, testCase "Verifying Equality" $ do
library <- evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
let input = "equal (t t t) (t t t)"
let input = "equal? (t t t) (t t t)"
env = evalTricu library (parseTricu input)
result env @?= Stem Leaf
]
fileEvaluationTests :: TestTree
fileEvaluationTests = testGroup "Evaluation tests"
fileEval :: TestTree
fileEval = testGroup "File evaluation tests"
[ testCase "Forks" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/fork.tri"
res @?= Fork Leaf Leaf
, testCase "File ends with comment" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/comments-1.tri"
res @?= Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
, testCase "Mapping and Equality" $ do
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileResult "./test/map.tri"
res @?= Stem Leaf
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
fEnv <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./test/map.tri"
(mainResult fEnv) @?= Stem Leaf
, testCase "Eval and decoding string" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./test/string.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "\"String test!\""
]
demos :: TestTree
demos = testGroup "Test provided demo functionality"
[ testCase "Structural equality demo" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./demos/equality.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "t t"
, testCase "Convert values back to source code demo" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./demos/toSource.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "\"(t (t (t t) (t t t)) (t t (t t t)))\""
, testCase "Determining the size of functions" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./demos/size.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "454"
, testCase "Level Order Traversal demo" $ do
library <- liftIO $ evaluateFile "./lib/base.tri"
res <- liftIO $ evaluateFileWithContext library "./demos/levelOrderTraversal.tri"
decodeResult (result res) @?= "\"\n1 \n2 3 \n4 5 6 7 \n8 11 10 9 12 \""
]

View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
-- t (t t) (t (t t t))
-- t (t t t) (t t)
-- x = (\a : a)
t (t t) t -- Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
main = t (t t) t -- Fork (Stem Leaf) Leaf
-- t t
-- x
-- x = (\a : a)

View File

@ -1 +1 @@
t t t
main = t t t

View File

@ -1,24 +1,2 @@
false = t
true = t t
_ = t
k = t t
i = t (t k) t
s = t (t (k t)) t
m = s i i
b = s (k s) k
c = s (s (k s) (s (k k) s)) (k k)
iC = (\a b c : s a (k c) b)
yi = (\i : b m (c b (i m)))
y = yi iC
triage = (\a b c : t (t a b) c)
pair = t
matchList = (\oe oc : triage oe _ oc)
lconcat = y (\self : matchList (\k : k) (\h r k : pair h (self r k)))
hmap = y (\self : matchList (\f : t) (\hd tl f : pair (f hd) (self tl f)))
map = (\f l : hmap l f)
lAnd = triage (\x : false) (\_ x : x) (\_ _ x : x)
lOr = triage (\x : x) (\_ _ : true) (\_ _ x : true)
equal = y (\self : triage (triage true (\z : false) (\y z : false)) (\ax : triage false (self ax) (\y z : false)) (\ax ay : triage false (\z : false) (\bx by : lAnd (self ax bx) (self ay by))))
x = map (\i : lconcat "Successfully concatenated " i) [("two strings!")]
equal x [("Successfully concatenated two strings!")]
main = equal? x [("Successfully concatenated two strings!")]

21
test/size.tri Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
compose = \f g x : f (g x)
succ = y (\self :
triage
1
t
(triage
(t (t t))
(\_ tail : t t (self tail))
t))
size = (\x :
(y (\self x :
compose succ
(triage
(\x : x)
self
(\x y : compose (self x) (self y))
x)) x 0))
size size

1
test/undefined.tri Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1 @@
namedTerm = undefinedForTesting

View File

@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
cabal-version: 1.12
name: tricu
version: 0.6.0
version: 0.11.0
description: A micro-language for exploring Tree Calculus
author: James Eversole
maintainer: james@eversole.co
@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ executable tricu
src
default-extensions:
DeriveDataTypeable
LambdaCase
MultiWayIf
OverloadedStrings
ghc-options: -threaded -rtsopts -with-rtsopts=-N -optl-pthread -fPIC
@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ test-suite tricu-tests
hs-source-dirs: test, src
default-extensions:
DeriveDataTypeable
LambdaCase
MultiWayIf
OverloadedStrings
build-depends: